00:00 - 00:04

we have reached the third video of our

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Series where we delve into the depths of

00:04 - 00:08

philosophical

00:05 - 00:11

curiosity we have addressed a total of

00:08 - 00:14

145 questions in our first two videos

00:11 - 00:17

and now we're about to complete our 230

00:14 - 00:19

question philosophical journey in this

00:17 - 00:22

episode we are here with questions that

00:19 - 00:24

push the boundaries of Reason question

00:22 - 00:26

the meaning of life and can reshape our

00:24 - 00:28

thoughts if you haven't watched our

00:26 - 00:30

first two videos we recommend you watch

00:28 - 00:32

them to fully enjoy the

00:30 - 00:34

series each question is specially

00:32 - 00:37

designed to take your philosophical

00:34 - 00:39

thinking one step further if you are

00:37 - 00:42

ready let's begin our journey into

00:39 - 00:44

philosophical depths with our last 85

00:42 - 00:47

questions keep thinking questioning and

00:44 - 00:50

learning questions about ancient Greek

00:47 - 00:54

period and Wars question 146 what is the

00:50 - 00:56

impact of the pelian war on philosophy

00:54 - 00:58

the pelian war was a long running

00:56 - 01:00

conflict between Athens and Sparta this

00:58 - 01:02

War caused deep upheaval in Greek

01:00 - 01:04

society and had various effects on

01:02 - 01:06

philosophy the chaos and destruction

01:04 - 01:10

brought by the war led many thinkers to

01:06 - 01:13

rethink human nature ethics and politics

01:10 - 01:15

in particular the injustices and power

01:13 - 01:17

struggles of War paved the way for the

01:15 - 01:20

development of real politic approaches

01:17 - 01:22

and more critical philosophical views

01:20 - 01:24

historians such as thiddies emphasize

01:22 - 01:26

the importance of empirical and rational

01:24 - 01:28

thought in Philosophy by providing

01:26 - 01:30

realistic and objective analysis of the

01:28 - 01:33

war question

01:30 - 01:36

147 how did the Macedonian conquest of

01:33 - 01:39

Greece affect philosophical thought the

01:36 - 01:41

Macedonian conquest of Greece led to the

01:39 - 01:43

start of the helenistic period and led

01:41 - 01:46

to significant changes in philosophical

01:43 - 01:47

thought during this period philosophy

01:46 - 01:50

spread to a wider geography and

01:47 - 01:52

interacted with different cultures the

01:50 - 01:55

new schools students of Plato and

01:52 - 01:58

Aristotle emerged as did stoicism and

01:55 - 02:00

epicurian ISM philosophy focused on

01:58 - 02:02

individual happiness and moral virt

02:00 - 02:03

and the search for personal peace and

02:02 - 02:07

inner balance came to the

02:03 - 02:09

for in addition philosophical thought

02:07 - 02:13

became more pragmatic and more closely

02:09 - 02:14

associated with daily life question 148

02:13 - 02:17

what are the main characteristics of

02:14 - 02:18

helenistic philosophy helenistic

02:17 - 02:20

philosophy covers the period following

02:18 - 02:22

the conquests of Alexander the Great and

02:20 - 02:26

includes several important

02:22 - 02:28

schools stoicism defines virtue as

02:26 - 02:30

living in harmony with nature and

02:28 - 02:32

emphasizes emotional control

02:30 - 02:35

epicurian ISM defines happiness as

02:32 - 02:38

avoiding pain and achieving pleasure has

02:35 - 02:40

a materialist perspective skepticism

02:38 - 02:41

rejects the certainty of knowledge and

02:40 - 02:44

Advocates

02:41 - 02:46

skepticism neoplatonism it is a movement

02:44 - 02:49

that develops Plato's world of ideas and

02:46 - 02:50

adds a mystical Dimension helenistic

02:49 - 02:52

philosophy adopted a more personal and

02:50 - 02:54

pragmatic approach focusing on

02:52 - 02:57

individual happiness in a peace and

02:54 - 02:59

practical virtues question 149 is the

02:57 - 03:02

emergence of epicurian ism and stoicm

02:59 - 03:04

ISM related to the effects of Wars yes

03:02 - 03:06

the emergence of helenistic

03:04 - 03:09

philosophical movements such as

03:06 - 03:12

epicurian ISM and stoicism is associated

03:09 - 03:14

with frequent Wars and social unrest the

03:12 - 03:17

pelian war and other Regional conflicts

03:14 - 03:19

weakened stability in Greek city states

03:17 - 03:22

and created uncertainty and unrest in

03:19 - 03:24

individuals this encouraged individuals

03:22 - 03:26

to seek inner peace and happiness

03:24 - 03:29

leading to the development of pleasure

03:26 - 03:32

oriented movements such as epicurian ISM

03:29 - 03:34

similarly movements such as stoicism

03:32 - 03:36

which emphasized virtue and a life in

03:34 - 03:38

harmony with nature aimed to help

03:36 - 03:40

individuals achieve inner balance

03:38 - 03:43

independent of external

03:40 - 03:45

events the uncertainty and instability

03:43 - 03:46

brought about by Wars paved the way for

03:45 - 03:48

the popularization of these

03:46 - 03:52

philosophical

03:48 - 03:53

approaches question 150 how did Wars in

03:52 - 03:55

ancient Greece lead to a reevaluation of

03:53 - 03:58

the concepts of virtue and happiness in

03:55 - 04:00

philosophy Wars in ancient Greece

03:58 - 04:02

especially major conflicts such as the

04:00 - 04:05

pelian war disrupted the general peace

04:02 - 04:08

of society and created deep existential

04:05 - 04:10

questions in individuals this situation

04:08 - 04:13

led to a re-evaluation of the concepts

04:10 - 04:15

of virtue and happiness in philosophy

04:13 - 04:17

the devastating effects of War

04:15 - 04:20

encouraged individuals to focus on inner

04:17 - 04:22

peace and moral virtues stoicism argued

04:20 - 04:24

that virtue was independent of external

04:22 - 04:27

events and that happiness was found in a

04:24 - 04:29

life in harmony with virtue epicurian

04:27 - 04:32

ISM on the other hand emphasized

04:29 - 04:34

individual Happiness by avoiding pain

04:32 - 04:36

and focusing on Simple Pleasures these

04:34 - 04:38

philosophical approaches tried to

04:36 - 04:40

understand how individuals could live

04:38 - 04:42

better lives in the face of the

04:40 - 04:44

uncertainty and traumas brought about by

04:42 - 04:47

War question

04:44 - 04:50

151 how were the changes in society

04:47 - 04:53

after the pelian war reflected in

04:50 - 04:55

philosophy after the pelian war Greek

04:53 - 04:57

society underwent major changes in its

04:55 - 05:00

political and social structure the

04:57 - 05:03

weakening of the democratic system the

05:00 - 05:04

rise of Empires and economic hardships

05:03 - 05:07

created a sense of uncertainty in

05:04 - 05:09

individuals and Society this led to the

05:07 - 05:11

development of more pragmatic and

05:09 - 05:14

individual oriented approaches in

05:11 - 05:16

philosophy schools such as stoicism and

05:14 - 05:18

epicurian ISM offered teachings that

05:16 - 05:21

supported individuals search for inner

05:18 - 05:23

peace and happiness and emphasized

05:21 - 05:26

personal virtue and balance in the face

05:23 - 05:29

of the uncertainties of the social order

05:26 - 05:31

in addition Socratic skepticism and

05:29 - 05:34

critical thinking increased the need to

05:31 - 05:37

re-evaluate social norms and values

05:34 - 05:39

question 152 how did the relationship

05:37 - 05:42

between the individual and Society

05:39 - 05:45

changed during the helenistic period in

05:42 - 05:47

the helenistic period the relationship

05:45 - 05:49

between the individual and Society

05:47 - 05:52

changed to focus more on the search for

05:49 - 05:54

individual happiness and inner peace

05:52 - 05:56

while the role of society in the state

05:54 - 05:58

was more prominent in previous periods

05:56 - 06:00

helenistic philosophy gave more

05:58 - 06:00

importance to the individuals own life

06:00 - 06:03

and

06:00 - 06:05

virtues while stoicism argued that the

06:03 - 06:08

individual should live in harmony with

06:05 - 06:10

the universe epicurian ISM prioritized

06:08 - 06:12

individual pleasures and avoiding pain

06:10 - 06:14

during this period the idea that

06:12 - 06:16

individuals should develop their own

06:14 - 06:18

inner worlds and Achieve Personal

06:16 - 06:20

happiness independent of their social

06:18 - 06:23

roles became

06:20 - 06:25

widespread question 153 what themes did

06:23 - 06:28

the new philosophical schools that

06:25 - 06:30

emerged after the wars focus on the new

06:28 - 06:32

philosophical schol roles that emerged

06:30 - 06:34

in the post-war helenistic period

06:32 - 06:37

focused on the following themes inner

06:34 - 06:39

peace and happiness the focus is on how

06:37 - 06:42

the individual can achieve personal

06:39 - 06:44

happiness and inner peace virtue and

06:42 - 06:47

morality how to lead a virtuous life and

06:44 - 06:49

achieve moral values is examined

06:47 - 06:51

emotional control ways to manage

06:49 - 06:54

emotions and avoid excessive emotional

06:51 - 06:56

reactions have been explored harmony

06:54 - 06:59

with nature the importance of living in

06:56 - 07:01

harmony with nature is emphasized and a

06:59 - 07:04

life style in accordance with the laws

07:01 - 07:06

of nature is suggested determinism and

07:04 - 07:08

Free Will while accepting that the

07:06 - 07:10

Universe moves within the framework of

07:08 - 07:14

certain laws it is discussed how the

07:10 - 07:15

individual can be free within these laws

07:14 - 07:17

these themes form the basis of

07:15 - 07:20

philosophical schools such as stoicism

07:17 - 07:22

and epicurian ISM and made important

07:20 - 07:25

contributions to redefining the meaning

07:22 - 07:27

of individual life question

07:25 - 07:30

154 how did ancient Greek philosophy

07:27 - 07:32

approach the nature of War

07:30 - 07:34

ancient Greek philosophy approached the

07:32 - 07:36

nature of war from various perspectives

07:34 - 07:38

the destructiveness of War and the

07:36 - 07:40

tendency towards violence in human

07:38 - 07:42

nature caused philosophers to think

07:40 - 07:45

about virtue ethics and

07:42 - 07:47

Society for example Plato's argument

07:45 - 07:49

that war should be done within the

07:47 - 07:51

framework of Justice in his ideal State

07:49 - 07:54

and Aristotle's statement that war

07:51 - 07:56

should be done for legitimate reasons

07:54 - 07:58

formed the basis of philosophical

07:56 - 08:00

discussions on the nature of war in the

07:58 - 08:02

helenistic period period stoicism

08:00 - 08:05

accepted that war was an inevitable

08:02 - 08:07

reality and argued that the individual

08:05 - 08:10

should provide an internal balance

08:07 - 08:12

against this situation in general

08:10 - 08:14

ancient Greek philosophy deeply analyzed

08:12 - 08:17

the ethical strategic and human nature

08:14 - 08:19

effects of War question

08:17 - 08:22

155 what was the impact of wars on

08:19 - 08:24

philosophical discussions Wars have had

08:22 - 08:27

a profound impact on philosophical

08:24 - 08:28

debates the destruction Injustice and

08:27 - 08:30

human suffering brought by War have led

08:28 - 08:33

philosophers to think more deeply about

08:30 - 08:36

ethics virtue and human nature during

08:33 - 08:39

this period issues such as the moral

08:36 - 08:42

legitimacy of War leadership Justice and

08:39 - 08:44

social order were intensely debated in

08:42 - 08:46

addition the psychological effects of

08:44 - 08:48

War on individuals LED schools such as

08:46 - 08:51

stoicism to support the search for

08:48 - 08:53

emotional control and inner peace Wars

08:51 - 08:55

have also contributed to the development

08:53 - 08:57

of political philosophy enriching

08:55 - 09:01

discussions on ideal States and forms of

08:57 - 09:03

government question 1 56 what kind of a

09:01 - 09:06

path did the relationship between war

09:03 - 09:08

and philosophy open up in the history of

09:06 - 09:10

thought the relationship between war and

09:08 - 09:13

philosophy has opened up an important

09:10 - 09:15

path in the history of thought since

09:13 - 09:18

Wars deeply affect social structures

09:15 - 09:20

value systems and individual psychology

09:18 - 09:23

philosophers have had to develop new

09:20 - 09:25

theories to understand and explain these

09:23 - 09:27

changes the ethical dilemmas brought

09:25 - 09:30

about by Wars have led to a redefinition

09:27 - 09:33

of understandings of virtue and concepts

09:30 - 09:35

of Justice in addition the chaos and

09:33 - 09:37

uncertainty created by Wars have

09:35 - 09:40

encouraged individuals to seek inner

09:37 - 09:42

peace and happiness Paving the way for

09:40 - 09:45

the emergence of philosophical schools

09:42 - 09:47

such as stoicism and epicurian ISM in

09:45 - 09:49

the history of thought it is seen that

09:47 - 09:50

Wars have become the focus of

09:49 - 09:52

philosophical discussions and have

09:50 - 09:54

caused the development of new

09:52 - 09:57

philosophical

09:54 - 09:59

approaches question 157 how did

09:57 - 10:01

helenistic thinkers address individual

09:59 - 10:03

Freedom helenistic thinkers have

10:01 - 10:04

addressed individual freedom from

10:03 - 10:06

different

10:04 - 10:09

perspectives stoics argued that an

10:06 - 10:12

individual can achieve inner Freedom by

10:09 - 10:14

controlling their emotional reactions

10:12 - 10:16

according to them no matter how much

10:14 - 10:19

external conditions an individual can be

10:16 - 10:21

independent in their inner World

10:19 - 10:23

epicurian on the other hand suggested

10:21 - 10:25

that achieving individual Happiness by

10:23 - 10:28

avoiding pain and focusing on Simple

10:25 - 10:30

Pleasures would provide Freedom Skeptics

10:28 - 10:32

on the other hand emphasized the

10:30 - 10:34

impossibility of achieving definitive

10:32 - 10:36

knowledge and stated that an individual

10:34 - 10:39

can achieve mental Freedom through

10:36 - 10:41

skepticism in general helenistic

10:39 - 10:43

thinkers viewed individual Freedom as a

10:41 - 10:45

goal that can be achieved through inner

10:43 - 10:49

balance and

10:45 - 10:51

virtue question 158 what role did Wars

10:49 - 10:53

play in the development of philosophical

10:51 - 10:55

thought Wars have been a catalyst for

10:53 - 10:58

the development of philosophical thought

10:55 - 11:00

the social turmoil brought about by Wars

10:58 - 11:02

has caused individuals to question their

11:00 - 11:05

existential concerns which has led to

11:02 - 11:07

the emergence of new themes in

11:05 - 11:09

philosophy the ethical and moral

11:07 - 11:11

dilemmas created by Wars have led

11:09 - 11:15

philosophers to reflect on virtue

11:11 - 11:17

justice and human nature furthermore the

11:15 - 11:19

uncertainty and unrest brought about by

11:17 - 11:21

Wars have encouraged the search for

11:19 - 11:22

individual happiness and inner peace

11:21 - 11:25

Paving the way for the development of

11:22 - 11:28

schools such as stoicism and epicurian

11:25 - 11:30

ISM in this way Wars have changed the

11:28 - 11:31

focus of philosophical thought and

11:30 - 11:33

contributed to the emergence of new

11:31 - 11:35

philosophical

11:33 - 11:38

approaches question

11:35 - 11:40

159 how did ancient Greek Wars shaped

11:38 - 11:42

there their philosophical understanding

11:40 - 11:44

of Ethics ancient Greek Wars have

11:42 - 11:46

significantly shaped philosophical

11:44 - 11:48

ethics the ethical dilemmas and moral

11:46 - 11:50

questions brought about by War have

11:48 - 11:54

forced philosophers to think deeply

11:50 - 11:56

about virtue Justice and right behavior

11:54 - 11:58

for example the stoics emphasized the

11:56 - 12:01

importance of maintaining emotional

11:58 - 12:03

balance and acting virtuously during war

12:01 - 12:05

epicurian on the other hand argued that

12:03 - 12:07

it is necessary to avoid the suffering

12:05 - 12:08

brought about by War and focus on

12:07 - 12:11

individual

12:08 - 12:13

happiness in addition the devastating

12:11 - 12:15

effects of War have increased the

12:13 - 12:17

importance of social responsibility and

12:15 - 12:19

individual virtue in ethical

12:17 - 12:22

understandings and have caused the

12:19 - 12:24

concept of Justice to be redefined in

12:22 - 12:25

this way ancient Greek Wars have

12:24 - 12:27

contributed to the deeper and more

12:25 - 12:31

comprehensive understanding of

12:27 - 12:32

philosophical ethics question 160 what

12:31 - 12:34

themes came to the four in post-war

12:32 - 12:37

philosophical

12:34 - 12:39

texts prominent themes in post-war

12:37 - 12:41

philosophical texts include inner peace

12:39 - 12:43

and happiness the individual discovers

12:41 - 12:46

his inner world and achieves happiness

12:43 - 12:49

regardless of external conditions virtue

12:46 - 12:51

and morality emphasizing the importance

12:49 - 12:54

of virtuous living and behavior based on

12:51 - 12:56

moral values emotional control ways to

12:54 - 12:59

manage emotions and avoid

12:56 - 13:00

overreactions harmony with nature the

12:59 - 13:03

importance of living in harmony with

13:00 - 13:05

nature and following natural laws

13:03 - 13:08

determinism and Free Will the universe

13:05 - 13:09

operates within certain laws and how the

13:08 - 13:13

individual can achieve Freedom within

13:09 - 13:15

these laws social responsibility the

13:13 - 13:17

role of the individual in society and

13:15 - 13:19

the preservation of social order

13:17 - 13:21

skepticism and knowledge skeptical

13:19 - 13:23

approaches to the nature of knowledge

13:21 - 13:27

and the limits of human

13:23 - 13:29

knowledge question 161 what is the place

13:27 - 13:31

of women philosophers in ancient philos

13:29 - 13:33

philosophy female philosophers were less

13:31 - 13:35

prominent in Antiquity than their male

13:33 - 13:39

counterparts but there were some notable

13:35 - 13:41

figures for example aspazia of militus

13:39 - 13:44

was influential in rhetoric and politics

13:41 - 13:46

while hpaa excelled in mathematics and

13:44 - 13:48

philosophy although female philosophers

13:46 - 13:50

were often on the fringes of society

13:48 - 13:53

they made significant intellectual

13:50 - 13:56

contributions in educated circles

13:53 - 13:59

question 162 what is the relationship

13:56 - 14:01

between ancient philosophy and religion

13:59 - 14:03

ancient philosophy tried to explain

14:01 - 14:05

nature and humans through reason

14:03 - 14:08

separating religion from mythology for

14:05 - 14:10

example thees explained natural events

14:08 - 14:12

not through Gods but through material

14:10 - 14:14

causes however philosophers such as

14:12 - 14:16

Plato and Aristotle Incorporated the

14:14 - 14:20

idea of a divine order into their

14:16 - 14:22

philosophical systems question 163 what

14:20 - 14:24

is the relationship between ancient

14:22 - 14:27

philosophy and science ancient

14:24 - 14:29

philosophy formed the basis of science

14:27 - 14:31

Fields such as mathematics astronomy and

14:29 - 14:34

physics were shaped by The Works of

14:31 - 14:36

philosophers for example Pythagoras

14:34 - 14:39

developed the mathematical order and

14:36 - 14:42

democratus developed the atomic theory

14:39 - 14:44

question 164 what is the influence of

14:42 - 14:47

ancient philosophy on contemporary

14:44 - 14:48

philosophy and other disciplines ancient

14:47 - 14:50

philosophy laid the foundations that

14:48 - 14:54

shape today's thinking in areas such as

14:50 - 14:56

logic ethics politics and Science in

14:54 - 14:58

particular Aristotle's logical systems

14:56 - 15:00

and Plato's understanding of idealism

14:58 - 15:01

are among among the building blocks of

15:00 - 15:05

modern

15:01 - 15:07

philosophy question 165 what is the

15:05 - 15:08

understanding of Education in ancient

15:07 - 15:10

Greek

15:08 - 15:12

philosophy in ancient Greece education

15:10 - 15:14

was designed to make the individual

15:12 - 15:16

virtuous and useful to society the

15:14 - 15:18

Socratic method encouraged critical

15:16 - 15:21

thinking and Plato's Academy and

15:18 - 15:24

Aristotle's Lum provided systematic

15:21 - 15:27

education question new6 what does the

15:24 - 15:30

philosophy of Life of cynic philosophers

15:27 - 15:30

emphasize kinler

15:35 - 15:38

[Music]

15:39 - 15:44

for question was what are the basic

15:42 - 15:47

elements in the cynic's understanding of

15:44 - 15:49

morality cynics emphasized values such

15:47 - 15:52

as honesty self-control and challenging

15:49 - 15:54

social norms according to them morality

15:52 - 15:57

is possible by living in accordance with

15:54 - 16:00

nature and not giving into artificial

15:57 - 16:02

desires question 16 68 what is the

16:00 - 16:04

importance of rhetoric and language in

16:02 - 16:05

ancient Greek philosophy rhetoric was a

16:04 - 16:07

fundamental element of both

16:05 - 16:10

philosophical debate and political

16:07 - 16:13

discourse in ancient Greece the sophists

16:10 - 16:15

in particular emphasized the persuasive

16:13 - 16:18

power of language while Socrates and

16:15 - 16:22

Plato combined rhetoric with ethical

16:18 - 16:24

foundations question 169 who are the

16:22 - 16:26

most important female figures in the

16:24 - 16:29

development of philosophical thought

16:26 - 16:31

women such as hpaa aspasia of milus and

16:29 - 16:34

ARA made important contributions to

16:31 - 16:36

mathematics philosophy and rhetoric

16:34 - 16:38

despite their limited resources these

16:36 - 16:42

women were influential in intellectual

16:38 - 16:44

circles question 170 what is the place

16:42 - 16:46

and importance of Art in ancient Greek

16:44 - 16:48

philosophy art has both moral and

16:46 - 16:50

aesthetic value in ancient Greek

16:48 - 16:53

philosophy while Plato considered art as

16:50 - 16:55

a reflection of ideals Aristotle argued

16:53 - 16:58

that art has a cathartic function

16:55 - 17:01

question 171 how does Plato's teaching

16:58 - 17:04

in conflict with Aristotle's philosophy

17:01 - 17:06

while Plato defended idealism Aristotle

17:04 - 17:09

adopted realism while Plato claimed that

17:06 - 17:11

the world of ideas was real Aristotle

17:09 - 17:15

emphasized the importance of examining

17:11 - 17:17

the concrete World question 172 how did

17:15 - 17:19

Socrates philosophy affect the social

17:17 - 17:21

structure of the period by bringing the

17:19 - 17:24

moral responsibility of the individual

17:21 - 17:27

to the Forefront Socrates caused Society

17:24 - 17:29

to question Traditional Values this was

17:27 - 17:33

both a threat and a source of innovation

17:29 - 17:35

for Athenian democracy question 173 how

17:33 - 17:37

were philosophical discussions conducted

17:35 - 17:38

in ancient Greece philosophical

17:37 - 17:41

discussions were usually conducted

17:38 - 17:43

through dialogues and forums while

17:41 - 17:45

Socrates followed an interrogative

17:43 - 17:47

method the sophists were influential

17:45 - 17:49

with their rhetorical

17:47 - 17:52

skills question

17:49 - 17:54

174 how was the development of

17:52 - 17:56

philosophical thought related to the

17:54 - 17:59

political structure of Greek society

17:56 - 18:00

Democratic structures in Greek society

17:59 - 18:03

supported individual freedom and an

18:00 - 18:05

environment of debate Paving the way for

18:03 - 18:06

the development of philosophical thought

18:05 - 18:08

question

18:06 - 18:10

175 what is the relationship between

18:08 - 18:13

ethics and Morality In ancient

18:10 - 18:15

philosophy while ethics constituted the

18:13 - 18:18

theoretical foundations of morality

18:15 - 18:21

morality guided practical life Plato and

18:18 - 18:24

Aristotle systematically examined this

18:21 - 18:26

relationship question 176 how does

18:24 - 18:29

ancient philosophy's understanding of

18:26 - 18:30

nature affect human existence

18:29 - 18:32

understanding nature LED humans to

18:30 - 18:33

question their place in the universe and

18:32 - 18:35

this understanding influenced the

18:33 - 18:37

development of both scientific and

18:35 - 18:39

metaphysical

18:37 - 18:41

thought question

18:39 - 18:44

177 how is the search for wisdom defined

18:41 - 18:45

in ancient Greek philosophy wisdom is

18:44 - 18:48

defined as the effort to attain

18:45 - 18:51

knowledge and live a virtuous life

18:48 - 18:53

Socrates viewed the search for wisdom as

18:51 - 18:56

a process of constant questioning and

18:53 - 18:59

learning question 178 what are the

18:56 - 19:01

contributions of ancient philosophy to

18:59 - 19:03

scientific methods ancient philosophers

19:01 - 19:05

studied nature through observation and

19:03 - 19:08

reasoning these approaches formed the

19:05 - 19:10

basis of modern scientific

19:08 - 19:12

methods question

19:10 - 19:15

179 what is the understanding of history

19:12 - 19:17

in ancient Greek philosophy in ancient

19:15 - 19:19

Greece history was considered an orderly

19:17 - 19:21

study of human actions and events

19:19 - 19:23

thiddies developed an analytical

19:21 - 19:26

approach to

19:23 - 19:28

historiography question 180 how are the

19:26 - 19:30

relations between humans and nature

19:28 - 19:32

handled in ancient philosophy in ancient

19:30 - 19:35

philosophy the relationship between

19:32 - 19:37

humans and nature was seen as a quest to

19:35 - 19:40

understand Humanity's place in the

19:37 - 19:42

universe philosophers emphasized the

19:40 - 19:44

importance of living in harmony with

19:42 - 19:47

nature early thinkers like thees viewed

19:44 - 19:49

humans as integral parts of the natural

19:47 - 19:51

world while heraclitus highlighted the

19:49 - 19:54

universal nature of

19:51 - 19:56

change Aristotle argued that nature is

19:54 - 19:58

purposefully ordered and defined humans

19:56 - 19:59

as rational beings within it and the

19:58 - 20:01

stoics stressed that living in

19:59 - 20:04

accordance with nature is the foundation

20:01 - 20:06

of virtue these perspectives underline

20:04 - 20:07

the organic connection between humans

20:06 - 20:10

and the natural

20:07 - 20:13

world question

20:10 - 20:15

181 what is the relationship between

20:13 - 20:18

politics and philosophy in ancient Greek

20:15 - 20:20

philosophy philosophy aims to reach the

20:18 - 20:23

ideal social order by questioning the

20:20 - 20:25

foundations of politics Plate's work the

20:23 - 20:27

Republic is one of the most important

20:25 - 20:29

examples of this relationship question

20:27 - 20:31

182

20:29 - 20:33

how does ancient philosophy establish a

20:31 - 20:35

balance between the individual and

20:33 - 20:37

Society there is a search for balance

20:35 - 20:40

between the freedom of the individual

20:37 - 20:42

and the Order of society Aristotle

20:40 - 20:46

related the happiness of the individual

20:42 - 20:48

to the good of society question 183 what

20:46 - 20:50

is the importance of logic and reasoning

20:48 - 20:52

in ancient Greek philosophy logic has

20:50 - 20:55

been accepted as the basic tool for

20:52 - 20:56

correct thinking Aristotle's studies on

20:55 - 20:59

logic have become one of the building

20:56 - 21:02

blocks of scientific thought question

20:59 - 21:04

184 how were the debates between

21:02 - 21:06

philosophical schools conducted in

21:04 - 21:09

ancient Greece debates were conducted

21:06 - 21:11

through dialogues and mutual criticism

21:09 - 21:14

philosophers used rhetoric and logic to

21:11 - 21:16

support their arguments question

21:14 - 21:19

185 what are the methods used in

21:16 - 21:21

philosophical texts Socrates dialogue

21:19 - 21:23

method Plato's theory of ideas and

21:21 - 21:26

Aristotle's deductive methods are among

21:23 - 21:29

the prominent methods question

21:26 - 21:32

186 what are the current reflections of

21:29 - 21:34

ancient Greek philosophy ancient Greek

21:32 - 21:37

philosophy continues to influence modern

21:34 - 21:39

ethics politics science and art logic

21:37 - 21:42

and critical thinking are important

21:39 - 21:45

elements of today's education question

21:42 - 21:47

187 how did ancient philosophy shaped

21:45 - 21:49

the basic concepts of modern philosophy

21:47 - 21:50

ancient philosophy pioneered the

21:49 - 21:52

formation of the basic concepts of

21:50 - 21:55

modern philosophy with its understanding

21:52 - 21:58

of existence ontology knowledge

21:55 - 22:00

epistemology ethics politics and nature

21:58 - 22:02

for example Plato's world of ideas and

22:00 - 22:05

Aristotle's understanding of causality

22:02 - 22:09

form the cornerstones of philosophical

22:05 - 22:11

systems question 88 what influence did

22:09 - 22:12

Socrates moral questions have on Modern

22:11 - 22:15

ethical

22:12 - 22:17

theories Socrates questions about virtue

22:15 - 22:19

and good living paved the way for modern

22:17 - 22:21

ethical theories to focus on the

22:19 - 22:24

concepts of individual responsibility

22:21 - 22:26

and moral action traces of Socrates

22:24 - 22:29

search for moral consistency can be seen

22:26 - 22:32

in K's deontological ethics

22:29 - 22:34

question 189 What contributions did

22:32 - 22:36

Plato's theory of ideas make to Modern

22:34 - 22:39

epistemology Plato's theory of ideas

22:36 - 22:41

laid the foundation of rationalism in

22:39 - 22:43

modern epistemology by arguing that

22:41 - 22:45

knowledge is not limited to the sensory

22:43 - 22:48

world and that there are Universal

22:45 - 22:52

truths that can be reached through

22:48 - 22:53

reason question 190 how did Aristotle's

22:52 - 22:56

understanding of logic prepare the

22:53 - 22:58

ground for modern logical systems

22:56 - 23:00

Aristotle's understanding of logic based

22:58 - 23:03

on the syllogism method formed the basis

23:00 - 23:05

of modern formal Logic the rules of

23:03 - 23:08

classical logic were developed by modern

23:05 - 23:10

logicians such as lib nits and

23:08 - 23:13

fra question

23:10 - 23:14

191 how did the natural philosophy of

23:13 - 23:17

ancient philosophers contribute to the

23:14 - 23:19

development of the scientific method

23:17 - 23:21

natural philosophers pioneered the

23:19 - 23:23

scientific method by attempting to

23:21 - 23:25

understand the nature of the universe

23:23 - 23:27

through reason and observation the

23:25 - 23:29

explanations of natural processes by

23:27 - 23:32

philosophers such as thees and

23:29 - 23:34

anaximander influenced the experimental

23:32 - 23:38

and observational approaches in modern

23:34 - 23:39

science question 192 what themes in

23:38 - 23:42

modern metaphysics did the elatic

23:39 - 23:44

school's understanding of being

23:42 - 23:46

Inspire the elatic school with its

23:44 - 23:48

thoughts on the immutability and

23:46 - 23:51

continuity of existence has inspired the

23:48 - 23:54

questioning of the concepts of Being and

23:51 - 23:56

Time in modern metaphysics the views of

23:54 - 23:58

Parmenides in particular have found

23:56 - 24:01

Echoes In The Works of thinkers such as

23:58 - 24:04

haiger and Whitehead question

24:01 - 24:06

193 how did the sophists understanding

24:04 - 24:09

of Relativity find an echo in modern

24:06 - 24:11

philosophy the sophists understanding

24:09 - 24:13

that truth is relative influenced

24:11 - 24:16

movements in modern philosophy such as

24:13 - 24:17

postmodernism and cultural relativism

24:16 - 24:20

protagoras's view that man is the

24:17 - 24:22

measure of all things emphasize the

24:20 - 24:25

importance of the individual

24:22 - 24:27

perspective question 194 how are the

24:25 - 24:29

relationships between the individual and

24:27 - 24:32

Society in ancient philosophy reflected

24:29 - 24:34

in modern social and political thought

24:32 - 24:36

Plato's conception of the ideal State

24:34 - 24:39

and Aristotle's definition of man as a

24:36 - 24:42

political animal formed the basis of

24:39 - 24:45

modern social contract theories Hobs

24:42 - 24:48

lock and rouso question 195 how did the

24:45 - 24:51

cynic philosophy of Life influence the

24:48 - 24:54

modern existentialism movement the cynic

24:51 - 24:56

emphasis on a simple and natural life

24:54 - 24:58

was influential in existentialism search

24:56 - 25:00

for individual freedom and authentic

24:58 - 25:02

love life Deen's understanding of

25:00 - 25:05

individuality and challenging social

25:02 - 25:07

norms finds an echo in the works of sat

25:05 - 25:10

and kamu question

25:07 - 25:12

196 what fundamental questions did

25:10 - 25:15

ancient Greek philosophy pose in modern

25:12 - 25:16

philosophical discussions ancient Greek

25:15 - 25:19

philosophy has placed fundamental

25:16 - 25:21

questions such as what is truth how is

25:19 - 25:24

knowledge obtained what is the right

25:21 - 25:27

life at the center of modern philosophy

25:24 - 25:29

question 197 what role do the ancient

25:27 - 25:32

philosophers understanding of moral

25:29 - 25:34

values play in contemporary ethical

25:32 - 25:37

discussions the concepts of virtue arit

25:34 - 25:39

and happiness udonia in ancient times

25:37 - 25:41

Inspire analyses of the individual's

25:39 - 25:43

moral responsibilities and purpose in

25:41 - 25:47

life in modern ethical

25:43 - 25:48

discussions question 198 how did the

25:47 - 25:50

understanding of rhetoric and language

25:48 - 25:53

in ancient Greek philosophy contribute

25:50 - 25:55

to modern philosophy of language the

25:53 - 25:57

sophists understanding of rhetoric and

25:55 - 25:58

Aristotle's writings on rhetoric

25:57 - 26:01

contributed to Modern Phil philosophy of

25:58 - 26:04

languages theories of communication

26:01 - 26:08

meaning and persuasion question

26:04 - 26:09

199 in which countries has Plato's

26:08 - 26:13

understanding of Education influenced

26:09 - 26:14

today's education systems Plato's

26:13 - 26:17

understanding of Education based on love

26:14 - 26:19

of wisdom and education of the mind has

26:17 - 26:22

emphasized the importance of an

26:19 - 26:24

education based on critical thinking and

26:22 - 26:28

ethical values in today's education

26:24 - 26:30

systems question 200 what influence did

26:28 - 26:32

ancient philosophy's views on human

26:30 - 26:34

nature have on the fields of modern

26:32 - 26:36

psychology and anthropology Plato and

26:34 - 26:38

Aristotle's views on the mindbody

26:36 - 26:41

relationship shaped the theories of

26:38 - 26:44

names such as Freud and Jung in modern

26:41 - 26:47

psychology in addition views on the

26:44 - 26:48

harmony of man with nature shed light on

26:47 - 26:51

the relationship between culture and

26:48 - 26:54

nature in anthropological studies

26:51 - 26:57

helenistic period questions question

26:54 - 26:58

2011 what date range does the helenistic

26:57 - 27:00

period cover

26:58 - 27:02

the helenistic period covers the period

27:00 - 27:05

from the death of Alexander the Great to

27:02 - 27:07

the Roman Empire's conquest of the toic

27:05 - 27:09

Kingdom in Egypt during this period

27:07 - 27:11

Greek culture spread throughout the

27:09 - 27:13

Mediterranean and the Middle East and

27:11 - 27:16

synthesized with different

27:13 - 27:18

cultures question 202 what are the

27:16 - 27:20

cultural and philosophical differences

27:18 - 27:23

of the helenistic period from other

27:20 - 27:25

periods the helenistic period represents

27:23 - 27:27

a philosophical period in which

27:25 - 27:29

individual peace and happiness were at

27:27 - 27:31

the Forefront

27:29 - 27:33

unlike The Classical period

27:31 - 27:35

philosophical systems developed in which

27:33 - 27:38

individual life was the center rather

27:35 - 27:39

than social and political problems

27:38 - 27:43

during this period philosophy was

27:39 - 27:45

accepted as a Guide to Life question 203

27:43 - 27:48

what was the impact of philosophy on

27:45 - 27:50

individual Life In the helenistic period

27:48 - 27:52

philosophy was seen as a tool to guide

27:50 - 27:54

individuals in their daily lives

27:52 - 27:57

focusing on achieving happiness facing

27:54 - 28:00

fears and living a virtuous life

27:57 - 28:02

question 200 4 in which geographies were

28:00 - 28:04

the schools of philosophy concentrated

28:02 - 28:06

During the helenistic period

28:04 - 28:09

philosophical schools were concentrated

28:06 - 28:12

in cities such as Athens Alexandria rhs

28:09 - 28:14

and pergamon Athens was the center of

28:12 - 28:18

stoicism and epicurian

28:14 - 28:20

ISM question 205 what social or

28:18 - 28:22

political conditions influenced the

28:20 - 28:24

philosophical thoughts of this period

28:22 - 28:26

the cultural unification that came with

28:24 - 28:28

the conquests of Alexander the Great the

28:26 - 28:30

replacement of city state by great

28:28 - 28:32

Empires and the isolation of the

28:30 - 28:34

individual in the face of political

28:32 - 28:37

power directed philosophy towards

28:34 - 28:40

personal peace questions about epicurian

28:37 - 28:43

ISM question 206 what are the basic

28:40 - 28:46

principles of epicurian ism epicurian

28:43 - 28:49

ISM defines Happiness by ataraxia mental

28:46 - 28:51

Peace and aonia Freedom from bodily pain

28:49 - 28:53

harmony with nature moderate pleasures

28:51 - 28:55

and overcoming fears are the basic

28:53 - 28:58

elements question

28:55 - 29:00

27 how did the epicurian Define the

28:58 - 29:02

concept of happiness happiness is

29:00 - 29:04

achieved through the absence of pain and

29:02 - 29:07

fear for lasting happiness moderate

29:04 - 29:10

Pleasures should be preferred question

29:07 - 29:13

208 what are the epicurian concepts of

29:10 - 29:15

ataraxia and aonia ataraxia means

29:13 - 29:18

tranquility and peace of mind while

29:15 - 29:21

aonia means freedom from bodily pain

29:18 - 29:23

question 209 according to epicurus what

29:21 - 29:25

is the effect of fear on happiness and

29:23 - 29:27

how can it be overcome epicurus argues

29:25 - 29:28

that the fear of death prevents

29:27 - 29:30

happiness

29:28 - 29:31

this fear can be overcome by

29:30 - 29:34

understanding that there is no

29:31 - 29:37

consciousness after death question 210

29:34 - 29:39

how does epicurian ISM differ from other

29:37 - 29:42

philosophies of the period in its views

29:39 - 29:44

on God and death epicurus argues that

29:42 - 29:46

the gods do not interfere with human

29:44 - 29:49

life he views death as the cessation of

29:46 - 29:51

sensory experience which means there is

29:49 - 29:54

nothing to fear question

29:51 - 29:56

2011 how did the epicurian approach

29:54 - 29:58

nature and scientific

29:56 - 30:00

research understanding nature helps

29:58 - 30:01

people overcome their fears which is why

30:00 - 30:04

they have placed importance on

30:01 - 30:07

scientific knowledge and subjects such

30:04 - 30:09

as atomic theory question 212 what are

30:07 - 30:12

the contributions of epicurian ism to

30:09 - 30:13

Modern individual life it guides modern

30:12 - 30:16

people on issues such as living a

30:13 - 30:18

measured life coping with stress a

30:16 - 30:20

worldview based on scientific thought

30:18 - 30:24

and facing the fear of death questions

30:20 - 30:28

about stoicism question 213 what are the

30:24 - 30:30

basic principles of stoicism philosophy

30:28 - 30:32

stoicism is based on living in harmony

30:30 - 30:34

with nature advocating that virtue is

30:32 - 30:38

the highest value and placing importance

30:34 - 30:40

on emotional control question 214 what

30:38 - 30:42

is the role of virtue in happiness for

30:40 - 30:44

the stoics according to the stoics

30:42 - 30:48

virtue is the only and sufficient source

30:44 - 30:51

of Happiness external conditions cannot

30:48 - 30:54

affect happiness question 215 what are

30:51 - 30:56

zenos contributions as the founder of

30:54 - 30:58

stoicism Zeno developed the basic

30:56 - 31:00

principles of stoicism and turned his

30:58 - 31:02

philosophy into a way of life he

31:00 - 31:03

emphasized the principle of living in

31:02 - 31:07

accordance with

31:03 - 31:10

nature question 216 how did the stoics

31:07 - 31:12

relate natural laws to human life they

31:10 - 31:14

advocated living in harmony with nature

31:12 - 31:16

arguing that the human mind is a part of

31:14 - 31:19

the natural order of the universe

31:16 - 31:23

question 217 what is the concept of

31:19 - 31:25

apatha control of emotions in stoicism

31:23 - 31:27

apatha means controlling emotional

31:25 - 31:30

disturbances and managing them with

31:27 - 31:32

wisdom question 218 how did stoicism

31:30 - 31:34

balance fate and Free Will while the

31:32 - 31:36

stoics believed that there was a

31:34 - 31:38

universal fate they argued that the

31:36 - 31:41

individual was free in his or her

31:38 - 31:44

attitude towards this fate question

31:41 - 31:46

219 how can stoic thought be related to

31:44 - 31:49

today's psychology and personal

31:46 - 31:50

development philosophy stoicism is

31:49 - 31:53

frequently referenced in cognitive

31:50 - 31:55

therapy techniques EG thought control

31:53 - 31:58

and personal development teachings

31:55 - 32:01

self-awareness emotional resilience

31:58 - 32:04

question 220 how were epicurus life and

32:01 - 32:05

thought system shaped epicurus was born

32:04 - 32:07

on the island of Samos and taught his

32:05 - 32:09

students the ways to happiness in his

32:07 - 32:13

garden in Athens he tried to understand

32:09 - 32:15

nature with science question 221 what is

32:13 - 32:18

epicurus answer to the question how to

32:15 - 32:20

live a happy life living a moderate life

32:18 - 32:22

limiting unnecessary desires and

32:20 - 32:26

focusing on the pursuit of peace is the

32:22 - 32:28

key to happiness question 2 to 22 what

32:26 - 32:30

are the most important Concepts that

32:28 - 32:32

Zeno brought to stoicism life in

32:30 - 32:34

accordance with nature and the central

32:32 - 32:36

role of virtue are the most important

32:34 - 32:37

Concepts that Zeno brought to stoicism

32:36 - 32:40

question

32:37 - 32:42

223 what events in Zeno's life

32:40 - 32:44

influenced his philosophy after the

32:42 - 32:46

sinking of his merchant ship he turned

32:44 - 32:48

to philosophy and settled in Athens

32:46 - 32:51

where he developed his stoic teachings

32:48 - 32:53

question 224 what are the differences

32:51 - 32:55

between epicurus and Zeno's

32:53 - 32:57

understanding of Happiness while

32:55 - 32:59

epicurus defines happiness as the

32:57 - 33:01

absence of of Pleasure and Pain Zeno

32:59 - 33:04

Associates happiness with a virtuous

33:01 - 33:06

life question 25 who are the other

33:04 - 33:08

important figures of the helenistic

33:06 - 33:11

period and what were their contributions

33:08 - 33:14

to this period philosophers such as

33:11 - 33:16

diogenes of copi and aresa contributed

33:14 - 33:19

to the period by bringing different

33:16 - 33:21

philosophical approaches question 226

33:19 - 33:23

what were the effects of the

33:21 - 33:26

philosophical schools of the helenistic

33:23 - 33:28

period on the daily lives of individuals

33:26 - 33:30

these schools guided indiv uals to

33:28 - 33:33

overcome fears find peace and Live

33:30 - 33:35

virtuously question

33:33 - 33:37

227 what Legacy did the philosophical

33:35 - 33:39

schools of this period leave to the

33:37 - 33:41

history of Western

33:39 - 33:44

thought discussions about individual

33:41 - 33:45

happiness Free Will and ethical life

33:44 - 33:46

have become the fundamental topics of

33:45 - 33:50

Western

33:46 - 33:51

philosophy question 2 to 28 how does

33:50 - 33:53

happiness in the helenistic period

33:51 - 33:54

differ from the understanding of

33:53 - 33:56

happiness in modern

33:54 - 33:59

societies while happiness in the

33:56 - 34:01

helenistic period focused on inner peace

33:59 - 34:06

in modern society it is associated with

34:01 - 34:07

material and social success question 229

34:06 - 34:09

what kind of guidance did helenistic

34:07 - 34:12

philosophy offer to the individual in

34:09 - 34:14

his moral and ethical decisions Concepts

34:12 - 34:17

such as virtue living in accordance with

34:14 - 34:19

nature and emotional control have guided

34:17 - 34:22

the individual's ethical decisions

34:19 - 34:24

question 230 what are the reasons for

34:22 - 34:26

the increasing popularity of stoicism

34:24 - 34:29

and epicurian ISM in the modern world

34:26 - 34:31

individuals who want to cope with stress

34:29 - 34:33

anxiety and fast pace of life turned to

34:31 - 34:36

the Practical teachings of these

34:33 - 34:39

philosophies in this series we explored

34:36 - 34:41

a total of 230 questions and took a

34:39 - 34:43

journey into the depths of philosophical

34:41 - 34:46

thought we hope that each question will

34:43 - 34:48

open a new window to your own life way

34:46 - 34:50

of thinking and perspective philosophy

34:48 - 34:54

is a NeverEnding process of questioning

34:50 - 34:56

and searching even if the questions end

34:54 - 34:58

our search for answers will always

34:56 - 35:00

continue because what is important is

34:58 - 35:03

the journey itself rather than reaching

35:00 - 35:05

a conclusion if watching this Series has

35:03 - 35:08

contributed to philosophical thought we

35:05 - 35:09

are happy your comments ideas and new

35:08 - 35:12

questions may be the source of

35:09 - 35:14

inspiration for our next series remember

35:12 - 35:17

to keep your mind open and your

35:14 - 35:19

questions alive thank you for joining us

35:17 - 35:22

on this journey of thought see you in

35:19 - 35:22

our next series

Exploring Ancient Greek Philosophy: Wars, Virtue, and Happiness

In this article, we delve into the complexities of ancient Greek philosophy, focusing particularly on the impact of Wars on philosophical thought, the emergence of philosophical schools post-wars, and the relationship between individual Freedom and Society. Through analyzing questions surrounding the Pelian War, Macedonian conquest, and Hellenistic philosophy, we uncover the ideologies of Stoicism and Epicureanism, which shaped individual happiness, virtue, and moral values during this era.

Wars' Impact on Philosophy

Wars, such as the Pelian War, led to deep upheavals in Greek society, forcing thinkers to reevaluate human nature, ethics, and politics. The chaos and destruction spurred the development of real politic approaches, paving the way for Stoicism and Epicureanism – philosophical movements aimed at achieving inner peace and happiness amidst social unrest.

The Rise of Hellenistic Philosophy

The Macedonian conquest ushered in the Hellenistic period, where philosophical thought expanded to encompass a wide geographical area. Schools like Stoicism and Epicureanism emerged, focusing on individual happiness, moral virtue, and the search for personal peace. These philosophies brought a pragmatic and personal approach to philosophical debates, redefining the meaning of individual life.

Stoicism vs. Epicureanism

Stoicism defined virtue as living harmoniously with nature, emphasizing emotional control and resilience. On the other hand, Epicureanism saw happiness as the absence of pain, advocating for simple pleasures and freedom from fears. Both philosophies offered guidance for individuals seeking balance and inner peace amidst external uncertainties.

The Relevance Today

The teachings of Stoicism and Epicureanism continue to resonate in modern times, offering practical wisdom for coping with stress, anxiety, and the complexities of life. By exploring the origins of these philosophical schools and their impact on individual well-being, we uncover timeless lessons on navigating the challenges of the human experience.

As we reflect on the rich tapestry of ancient Greek philosophy, we are reminded that the quest for wisdom, virtue, and happiness is a timeless endeavor. Through the lens of history, we gain insights into the perennial questions that shape human existence, inviting us to embrace the complexity of philosophical thought and the enduring allure of intellectual inquiry. Join us on this journey of exploration and discovery, where each question leads us closer to the heart of philosophical wisdom.