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we have reached the third video of our
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Series where we delve into the depths of
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philosophical
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curiosity we have addressed a total of
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145 questions in our first two videos
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and now we're about to complete our 230
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question philosophical journey in this
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episode we are here with questions that
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push the boundaries of Reason question
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the meaning of life and can reshape our
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thoughts if you haven't watched our
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first two videos we recommend you watch
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them to fully enjoy the
00:30 - 00:34
series each question is specially
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designed to take your philosophical
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thinking one step further if you are
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ready let's begin our journey into
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philosophical depths with our last 85
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questions keep thinking questioning and
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learning questions about ancient Greek
00:47 - 00:54
period and Wars question 146 what is the
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impact of the pelian war on philosophy
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the pelian war was a long running
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conflict between Athens and Sparta this
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War caused deep upheaval in Greek
01:00 - 01:04
society and had various effects on
01:02 - 01:06
philosophy the chaos and destruction
01:04 - 01:10
brought by the war led many thinkers to
01:06 - 01:13
rethink human nature ethics and politics
01:10 - 01:15
in particular the injustices and power
01:13 - 01:17
struggles of War paved the way for the
01:15 - 01:20
development of real politic approaches
01:17 - 01:22
and more critical philosophical views
01:20 - 01:24
historians such as thiddies emphasize
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the importance of empirical and rational
01:24 - 01:28
thought in Philosophy by providing
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realistic and objective analysis of the
01:28 - 01:33
war question
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147 how did the Macedonian conquest of
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Greece affect philosophical thought the
01:36 - 01:41
Macedonian conquest of Greece led to the
01:39 - 01:43
start of the helenistic period and led
01:41 - 01:46
to significant changes in philosophical
01:43 - 01:47
thought during this period philosophy
01:46 - 01:50
spread to a wider geography and
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interacted with different cultures the
01:50 - 01:55
new schools students of Plato and
01:52 - 01:58
Aristotle emerged as did stoicism and
01:55 - 02:00
epicurian ISM philosophy focused on
01:58 - 02:02
individual happiness and moral virt
02:00 - 02:03
and the search for personal peace and
02:02 - 02:07
inner balance came to the
02:03 - 02:09
for in addition philosophical thought
02:07 - 02:13
became more pragmatic and more closely
02:09 - 02:14
associated with daily life question 148
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what are the main characteristics of
02:14 - 02:18
helenistic philosophy helenistic
02:17 - 02:20
philosophy covers the period following
02:18 - 02:22
the conquests of Alexander the Great and
02:20 - 02:26
includes several important
02:22 - 02:28
schools stoicism defines virtue as
02:26 - 02:30
living in harmony with nature and
02:28 - 02:32
emphasizes emotional control
02:30 - 02:35
epicurian ISM defines happiness as
02:32 - 02:38
avoiding pain and achieving pleasure has
02:35 - 02:40
a materialist perspective skepticism
02:38 - 02:41
rejects the certainty of knowledge and
02:41 - 02:46
skepticism neoplatonism it is a movement
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that develops Plato's world of ideas and
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adds a mystical Dimension helenistic
02:49 - 02:52
philosophy adopted a more personal and
02:50 - 02:54
pragmatic approach focusing on
02:52 - 02:57
individual happiness in a peace and
02:54 - 02:59
practical virtues question 149 is the
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emergence of epicurian ism and stoicm
02:59 - 03:04
ISM related to the effects of Wars yes
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the emergence of helenistic
03:04 - 03:09
philosophical movements such as
03:06 - 03:12
epicurian ISM and stoicism is associated
03:09 - 03:14
with frequent Wars and social unrest the
03:12 - 03:17
pelian war and other Regional conflicts
03:14 - 03:19
weakened stability in Greek city states
03:17 - 03:22
and created uncertainty and unrest in
03:19 - 03:24
individuals this encouraged individuals
03:22 - 03:26
to seek inner peace and happiness
03:24 - 03:29
leading to the development of pleasure
03:26 - 03:32
oriented movements such as epicurian ISM
03:29 - 03:34
similarly movements such as stoicism
03:32 - 03:36
which emphasized virtue and a life in
03:34 - 03:38
harmony with nature aimed to help
03:36 - 03:40
individuals achieve inner balance
03:38 - 03:43
independent of external
03:40 - 03:45
events the uncertainty and instability
03:43 - 03:46
brought about by Wars paved the way for
03:45 - 03:48
the popularization of these
03:46 - 03:52
philosophical
03:48 - 03:53
approaches question 150 how did Wars in
03:52 - 03:55
ancient Greece lead to a reevaluation of
03:53 - 03:58
the concepts of virtue and happiness in
03:55 - 04:00
philosophy Wars in ancient Greece
03:58 - 04:02
especially major conflicts such as the
04:00 - 04:05
pelian war disrupted the general peace
04:02 - 04:08
of society and created deep existential
04:05 - 04:10
questions in individuals this situation
04:08 - 04:13
led to a re-evaluation of the concepts
04:10 - 04:15
of virtue and happiness in philosophy
04:13 - 04:17
the devastating effects of War
04:15 - 04:20
encouraged individuals to focus on inner
04:17 - 04:22
peace and moral virtues stoicism argued
04:20 - 04:24
that virtue was independent of external
04:22 - 04:27
events and that happiness was found in a
04:24 - 04:29
life in harmony with virtue epicurian
04:27 - 04:32
ISM on the other hand emphasized
04:29 - 04:34
individual Happiness by avoiding pain
04:32 - 04:36
and focusing on Simple Pleasures these
04:34 - 04:38
philosophical approaches tried to
04:36 - 04:40
understand how individuals could live
04:38 - 04:42
better lives in the face of the
04:40 - 04:44
uncertainty and traumas brought about by
04:42 - 04:47
War question
04:44 - 04:50
151 how were the changes in society
04:47 - 04:53
after the pelian war reflected in
04:50 - 04:55
philosophy after the pelian war Greek
04:53 - 04:57
society underwent major changes in its
04:55 - 05:00
political and social structure the
04:57 - 05:03
weakening of the democratic system the
05:00 - 05:04
rise of Empires and economic hardships
05:03 - 05:07
created a sense of uncertainty in
05:04 - 05:09
individuals and Society this led to the
05:07 - 05:11
development of more pragmatic and
05:09 - 05:14
individual oriented approaches in
05:11 - 05:16
philosophy schools such as stoicism and
05:14 - 05:18
epicurian ISM offered teachings that
05:16 - 05:21
supported individuals search for inner
05:18 - 05:23
peace and happiness and emphasized
05:21 - 05:26
personal virtue and balance in the face
05:23 - 05:29
of the uncertainties of the social order
05:26 - 05:31
in addition Socratic skepticism and
05:29 - 05:34
critical thinking increased the need to
05:31 - 05:37
re-evaluate social norms and values
05:34 - 05:39
question 152 how did the relationship
05:37 - 05:42
between the individual and Society
05:39 - 05:45
changed during the helenistic period in
05:42 - 05:47
the helenistic period the relationship
05:45 - 05:49
between the individual and Society
05:47 - 05:52
changed to focus more on the search for
05:49 - 05:54
individual happiness and inner peace
05:52 - 05:56
while the role of society in the state
05:54 - 05:58
was more prominent in previous periods
05:56 - 06:00
helenistic philosophy gave more
05:58 - 06:00
importance to the individuals own life
06:00 - 06:05
virtues while stoicism argued that the
06:03 - 06:08
individual should live in harmony with
06:05 - 06:10
the universe epicurian ISM prioritized
06:08 - 06:12
individual pleasures and avoiding pain
06:10 - 06:14
during this period the idea that
06:12 - 06:16
individuals should develop their own
06:14 - 06:18
inner worlds and Achieve Personal
06:16 - 06:20
happiness independent of their social
06:18 - 06:23
roles became
06:20 - 06:25
widespread question 153 what themes did
06:23 - 06:28
the new philosophical schools that
06:25 - 06:30
emerged after the wars focus on the new
06:28 - 06:32
philosophical schol roles that emerged
06:30 - 06:34
in the post-war helenistic period
06:32 - 06:37
focused on the following themes inner
06:34 - 06:39
peace and happiness the focus is on how
06:37 - 06:42
the individual can achieve personal
06:39 - 06:44
happiness and inner peace virtue and
06:42 - 06:47
morality how to lead a virtuous life and
06:44 - 06:49
achieve moral values is examined
06:47 - 06:51
emotional control ways to manage
06:49 - 06:54
emotions and avoid excessive emotional
06:51 - 06:56
reactions have been explored harmony
06:54 - 06:59
with nature the importance of living in
06:56 - 07:01
harmony with nature is emphasized and a
06:59 - 07:04
life style in accordance with the laws
07:01 - 07:06
of nature is suggested determinism and
07:04 - 07:08
Free Will while accepting that the
07:06 - 07:10
Universe moves within the framework of
07:08 - 07:14
certain laws it is discussed how the
07:10 - 07:15
individual can be free within these laws
07:14 - 07:17
these themes form the basis of
07:15 - 07:20
philosophical schools such as stoicism
07:17 - 07:22
and epicurian ISM and made important
07:20 - 07:25
contributions to redefining the meaning
07:22 - 07:27
of individual life question
07:25 - 07:30
154 how did ancient Greek philosophy
07:27 - 07:32
approach the nature of War
07:30 - 07:34
ancient Greek philosophy approached the
07:32 - 07:36
nature of war from various perspectives
07:34 - 07:38
the destructiveness of War and the
07:36 - 07:40
tendency towards violence in human
07:38 - 07:42
nature caused philosophers to think
07:40 - 07:45
about virtue ethics and
07:42 - 07:47
Society for example Plato's argument
07:45 - 07:49
that war should be done within the
07:47 - 07:51
framework of Justice in his ideal State
07:49 - 07:54
and Aristotle's statement that war
07:51 - 07:56
should be done for legitimate reasons
07:54 - 07:58
formed the basis of philosophical
07:56 - 08:00
discussions on the nature of war in the
07:58 - 08:02
helenistic period period stoicism
08:00 - 08:05
accepted that war was an inevitable
08:02 - 08:07
reality and argued that the individual
08:05 - 08:10
should provide an internal balance
08:07 - 08:12
against this situation in general
08:10 - 08:14
ancient Greek philosophy deeply analyzed
08:12 - 08:17
the ethical strategic and human nature
08:14 - 08:19
effects of War question
08:17 - 08:22
155 what was the impact of wars on
08:19 - 08:24
philosophical discussions Wars have had
08:22 - 08:27
a profound impact on philosophical
08:24 - 08:28
debates the destruction Injustice and
08:27 - 08:30
human suffering brought by War have led
08:28 - 08:33
philosophers to think more deeply about
08:30 - 08:36
ethics virtue and human nature during
08:33 - 08:39
this period issues such as the moral
08:36 - 08:42
legitimacy of War leadership Justice and
08:39 - 08:44
social order were intensely debated in
08:42 - 08:46
addition the psychological effects of
08:44 - 08:48
War on individuals LED schools such as
08:46 - 08:51
stoicism to support the search for
08:48 - 08:53
emotional control and inner peace Wars
08:51 - 08:55
have also contributed to the development
08:53 - 08:57
of political philosophy enriching
08:55 - 09:01
discussions on ideal States and forms of
08:57 - 09:03
government question 1 56 what kind of a
09:01 - 09:06
path did the relationship between war
09:03 - 09:08
and philosophy open up in the history of
09:06 - 09:10
thought the relationship between war and
09:08 - 09:13
philosophy has opened up an important
09:10 - 09:15
path in the history of thought since
09:13 - 09:18
Wars deeply affect social structures
09:15 - 09:20
value systems and individual psychology
09:18 - 09:23
philosophers have had to develop new
09:20 - 09:25
theories to understand and explain these
09:23 - 09:27
changes the ethical dilemmas brought
09:25 - 09:30
about by Wars have led to a redefinition
09:27 - 09:33
of understandings of virtue and concepts
09:30 - 09:35
of Justice in addition the chaos and
09:33 - 09:37
uncertainty created by Wars have
09:35 - 09:40
encouraged individuals to seek inner
09:37 - 09:42
peace and happiness Paving the way for
09:40 - 09:45
the emergence of philosophical schools
09:42 - 09:47
such as stoicism and epicurian ISM in
09:45 - 09:49
the history of thought it is seen that
09:47 - 09:50
Wars have become the focus of
09:49 - 09:52
philosophical discussions and have
09:50 - 09:54
caused the development of new
09:52 - 09:57
philosophical
09:54 - 09:59
approaches question 157 how did
09:57 - 10:01
helenistic thinkers address individual
09:59 - 10:03
Freedom helenistic thinkers have
10:01 - 10:04
addressed individual freedom from
10:04 - 10:09
perspectives stoics argued that an
10:06 - 10:12
individual can achieve inner Freedom by
10:09 - 10:14
controlling their emotional reactions
10:12 - 10:16
according to them no matter how much
10:14 - 10:19
external conditions an individual can be
10:16 - 10:21
independent in their inner World
10:19 - 10:23
epicurian on the other hand suggested
10:21 - 10:25
that achieving individual Happiness by
10:23 - 10:28
avoiding pain and focusing on Simple
10:25 - 10:30
Pleasures would provide Freedom Skeptics
10:28 - 10:32
on the other hand emphasized the
10:30 - 10:34
impossibility of achieving definitive
10:32 - 10:36
knowledge and stated that an individual
10:34 - 10:39
can achieve mental Freedom through
10:36 - 10:41
skepticism in general helenistic
10:39 - 10:43
thinkers viewed individual Freedom as a
10:41 - 10:45
goal that can be achieved through inner
10:45 - 10:51
virtue question 158 what role did Wars
10:49 - 10:53
play in the development of philosophical
10:51 - 10:55
thought Wars have been a catalyst for
10:53 - 10:58
the development of philosophical thought
10:55 - 11:00
the social turmoil brought about by Wars
10:58 - 11:02
has caused individuals to question their
11:00 - 11:05
existential concerns which has led to
11:02 - 11:07
the emergence of new themes in
11:05 - 11:09
philosophy the ethical and moral
11:07 - 11:11
dilemmas created by Wars have led
11:09 - 11:15
philosophers to reflect on virtue
11:11 - 11:17
justice and human nature furthermore the
11:15 - 11:19
uncertainty and unrest brought about by
11:17 - 11:21
Wars have encouraged the search for
11:19 - 11:22
individual happiness and inner peace
11:21 - 11:25
Paving the way for the development of
11:22 - 11:28
schools such as stoicism and epicurian
11:25 - 11:30
ISM in this way Wars have changed the
11:28 - 11:31
focus of philosophical thought and
11:30 - 11:33
contributed to the emergence of new
11:31 - 11:35
philosophical
11:33 - 11:38
approaches question
11:35 - 11:40
159 how did ancient Greek Wars shaped
11:38 - 11:42
there their philosophical understanding
11:40 - 11:44
of Ethics ancient Greek Wars have
11:42 - 11:46
significantly shaped philosophical
11:44 - 11:48
ethics the ethical dilemmas and moral
11:46 - 11:50
questions brought about by War have
11:48 - 11:54
forced philosophers to think deeply
11:50 - 11:56
about virtue Justice and right behavior
11:54 - 11:58
for example the stoics emphasized the
11:56 - 12:01
importance of maintaining emotional
11:58 - 12:03
balance and acting virtuously during war
12:01 - 12:05
epicurian on the other hand argued that
12:03 - 12:07
it is necessary to avoid the suffering
12:05 - 12:08
brought about by War and focus on
12:08 - 12:13
happiness in addition the devastating
12:11 - 12:15
effects of War have increased the
12:13 - 12:17
importance of social responsibility and
12:15 - 12:19
individual virtue in ethical
12:17 - 12:22
understandings and have caused the
12:19 - 12:24
concept of Justice to be redefined in
12:22 - 12:25
this way ancient Greek Wars have
12:24 - 12:27
contributed to the deeper and more
12:25 - 12:31
comprehensive understanding of
12:27 - 12:32
philosophical ethics question 160 what
12:31 - 12:34
themes came to the four in post-war
12:32 - 12:37
philosophical
12:34 - 12:39
texts prominent themes in post-war
12:37 - 12:41
philosophical texts include inner peace
12:39 - 12:43
and happiness the individual discovers
12:41 - 12:46
his inner world and achieves happiness
12:43 - 12:49
regardless of external conditions virtue
12:46 - 12:51
and morality emphasizing the importance
12:49 - 12:54
of virtuous living and behavior based on
12:51 - 12:56
moral values emotional control ways to
12:54 - 12:59
manage emotions and avoid
12:56 - 13:00
overreactions harmony with nature the
12:59 - 13:03
importance of living in harmony with
13:00 - 13:05
nature and following natural laws
13:03 - 13:08
determinism and Free Will the universe
13:05 - 13:09
operates within certain laws and how the
13:08 - 13:13
individual can achieve Freedom within
13:09 - 13:15
these laws social responsibility the
13:13 - 13:17
role of the individual in society and
13:15 - 13:19
the preservation of social order
13:17 - 13:21
skepticism and knowledge skeptical
13:19 - 13:23
approaches to the nature of knowledge
13:21 - 13:27
and the limits of human
13:23 - 13:29
knowledge question 161 what is the place
13:27 - 13:31
of women philosophers in ancient philos
13:29 - 13:33
philosophy female philosophers were less
13:31 - 13:35
prominent in Antiquity than their male
13:33 - 13:39
counterparts but there were some notable
13:35 - 13:41
figures for example aspazia of militus
13:39 - 13:44
was influential in rhetoric and politics
13:41 - 13:46
while hpaa excelled in mathematics and
13:44 - 13:48
philosophy although female philosophers
13:46 - 13:50
were often on the fringes of society
13:48 - 13:53
they made significant intellectual
13:50 - 13:56
contributions in educated circles
13:53 - 13:59
question 162 what is the relationship
13:56 - 14:01
between ancient philosophy and religion
13:59 - 14:03
ancient philosophy tried to explain
14:01 - 14:05
nature and humans through reason
14:03 - 14:08
separating religion from mythology for
14:05 - 14:10
example thees explained natural events
14:08 - 14:12
not through Gods but through material
14:10 - 14:14
causes however philosophers such as
14:12 - 14:16
Plato and Aristotle Incorporated the
14:14 - 14:20
idea of a divine order into their
14:16 - 14:22
philosophical systems question 163 what
14:20 - 14:24
is the relationship between ancient
14:22 - 14:27
philosophy and science ancient
14:24 - 14:29
philosophy formed the basis of science
14:27 - 14:31
Fields such as mathematics astronomy and
14:29 - 14:34
physics were shaped by The Works of
14:31 - 14:36
philosophers for example Pythagoras
14:34 - 14:39
developed the mathematical order and
14:36 - 14:42
democratus developed the atomic theory
14:39 - 14:44
question 164 what is the influence of
14:42 - 14:47
ancient philosophy on contemporary
14:44 - 14:48
philosophy and other disciplines ancient
14:47 - 14:50
philosophy laid the foundations that
14:48 - 14:54
shape today's thinking in areas such as
14:50 - 14:56
logic ethics politics and Science in
14:54 - 14:58
particular Aristotle's logical systems
14:56 - 15:00
and Plato's understanding of idealism
14:58 - 15:01
are among among the building blocks of
15:01 - 15:07
philosophy question 165 what is the
15:05 - 15:08
understanding of Education in ancient
15:08 - 15:12
philosophy in ancient Greece education
15:10 - 15:14
was designed to make the individual
15:12 - 15:16
virtuous and useful to society the
15:14 - 15:18
Socratic method encouraged critical
15:16 - 15:21
thinking and Plato's Academy and
15:18 - 15:24
Aristotle's Lum provided systematic
15:21 - 15:27
education question new6 what does the
15:24 - 15:30
philosophy of Life of cynic philosophers
15:27 - 15:30
emphasize kinler
15:39 - 15:44
for question was what are the basic
15:42 - 15:47
elements in the cynic's understanding of
15:44 - 15:49
morality cynics emphasized values such
15:47 - 15:52
as honesty self-control and challenging
15:49 - 15:54
social norms according to them morality
15:52 - 15:57
is possible by living in accordance with
15:54 - 16:00
nature and not giving into artificial
15:57 - 16:02
desires question 16 68 what is the
16:00 - 16:04
importance of rhetoric and language in
16:02 - 16:05
ancient Greek philosophy rhetoric was a
16:04 - 16:07
fundamental element of both
16:05 - 16:10
philosophical debate and political
16:07 - 16:13
discourse in ancient Greece the sophists
16:10 - 16:15
in particular emphasized the persuasive
16:13 - 16:18
power of language while Socrates and
16:15 - 16:22
Plato combined rhetoric with ethical
16:18 - 16:24
foundations question 169 who are the
16:22 - 16:26
most important female figures in the
16:24 - 16:29
development of philosophical thought
16:26 - 16:31
women such as hpaa aspasia of milus and
16:29 - 16:34
ARA made important contributions to
16:31 - 16:36
mathematics philosophy and rhetoric
16:34 - 16:38
despite their limited resources these
16:36 - 16:42
women were influential in intellectual
16:38 - 16:44
circles question 170 what is the place
16:42 - 16:46
and importance of Art in ancient Greek
16:44 - 16:48
philosophy art has both moral and
16:46 - 16:50
aesthetic value in ancient Greek
16:48 - 16:53
philosophy while Plato considered art as
16:50 - 16:55
a reflection of ideals Aristotle argued
16:53 - 16:58
that art has a cathartic function
16:55 - 17:01
question 171 how does Plato's teaching
16:58 - 17:04
in conflict with Aristotle's philosophy
17:01 - 17:06
while Plato defended idealism Aristotle
17:04 - 17:09
adopted realism while Plato claimed that
17:06 - 17:11
the world of ideas was real Aristotle
17:09 - 17:15
emphasized the importance of examining
17:11 - 17:17
the concrete World question 172 how did
17:15 - 17:19
Socrates philosophy affect the social
17:17 - 17:21
structure of the period by bringing the
17:19 - 17:24
moral responsibility of the individual
17:21 - 17:27
to the Forefront Socrates caused Society
17:24 - 17:29
to question Traditional Values this was
17:27 - 17:33
both a threat and a source of innovation
17:29 - 17:35
for Athenian democracy question 173 how
17:33 - 17:37
were philosophical discussions conducted
17:35 - 17:38
in ancient Greece philosophical
17:37 - 17:41
discussions were usually conducted
17:38 - 17:43
through dialogues and forums while
17:41 - 17:45
Socrates followed an interrogative
17:43 - 17:47
method the sophists were influential
17:45 - 17:49
with their rhetorical
17:47 - 17:52
skills question
17:49 - 17:54
174 how was the development of
17:52 - 17:56
philosophical thought related to the
17:54 - 17:59
political structure of Greek society
17:56 - 18:00
Democratic structures in Greek society
17:59 - 18:03
supported individual freedom and an
18:00 - 18:05
environment of debate Paving the way for
18:03 - 18:06
the development of philosophical thought
18:06 - 18:10
175 what is the relationship between
18:08 - 18:13
ethics and Morality In ancient
18:10 - 18:15
philosophy while ethics constituted the
18:13 - 18:18
theoretical foundations of morality
18:15 - 18:21
morality guided practical life Plato and
18:18 - 18:24
Aristotle systematically examined this
18:21 - 18:26
relationship question 176 how does
18:24 - 18:29
ancient philosophy's understanding of
18:26 - 18:30
nature affect human existence
18:29 - 18:32
understanding nature LED humans to
18:30 - 18:33
question their place in the universe and
18:32 - 18:35
this understanding influenced the
18:33 - 18:37
development of both scientific and
18:35 - 18:39
metaphysical
18:37 - 18:41
thought question
18:39 - 18:44
177 how is the search for wisdom defined
18:41 - 18:45
in ancient Greek philosophy wisdom is
18:44 - 18:48
defined as the effort to attain
18:45 - 18:51
knowledge and live a virtuous life
18:48 - 18:53
Socrates viewed the search for wisdom as
18:51 - 18:56
a process of constant questioning and
18:53 - 18:59
learning question 178 what are the
18:56 - 19:01
contributions of ancient philosophy to
18:59 - 19:03
scientific methods ancient philosophers
19:01 - 19:05
studied nature through observation and
19:03 - 19:08
reasoning these approaches formed the
19:05 - 19:10
basis of modern scientific
19:08 - 19:12
methods question
19:10 - 19:15
179 what is the understanding of history
19:12 - 19:17
in ancient Greek philosophy in ancient
19:15 - 19:19
Greece history was considered an orderly
19:17 - 19:21
study of human actions and events
19:19 - 19:23
thiddies developed an analytical
19:23 - 19:28
historiography question 180 how are the
19:26 - 19:30
relations between humans and nature
19:28 - 19:32
handled in ancient philosophy in ancient
19:30 - 19:35
philosophy the relationship between
19:32 - 19:37
humans and nature was seen as a quest to
19:35 - 19:40
understand Humanity's place in the
19:37 - 19:42
universe philosophers emphasized the
19:40 - 19:44
importance of living in harmony with
19:42 - 19:47
nature early thinkers like thees viewed
19:44 - 19:49
humans as integral parts of the natural
19:47 - 19:51
world while heraclitus highlighted the
19:49 - 19:54
universal nature of
19:51 - 19:56
change Aristotle argued that nature is
19:54 - 19:58
purposefully ordered and defined humans
19:56 - 19:59
as rational beings within it and the
19:58 - 20:01
stoics stressed that living in
19:59 - 20:04
accordance with nature is the foundation
20:01 - 20:06
of virtue these perspectives underline
20:04 - 20:07
the organic connection between humans
20:06 - 20:10
and the natural
20:07 - 20:13
world question
20:10 - 20:15
181 what is the relationship between
20:13 - 20:18
politics and philosophy in ancient Greek
20:15 - 20:20
philosophy philosophy aims to reach the
20:18 - 20:23
ideal social order by questioning the
20:20 - 20:25
foundations of politics Plate's work the
20:23 - 20:27
Republic is one of the most important
20:25 - 20:29
examples of this relationship question
20:29 - 20:33
how does ancient philosophy establish a
20:31 - 20:35
balance between the individual and
20:33 - 20:37
Society there is a search for balance
20:35 - 20:40
between the freedom of the individual
20:37 - 20:42
and the Order of society Aristotle
20:40 - 20:46
related the happiness of the individual
20:42 - 20:48
to the good of society question 183 what
20:46 - 20:50
is the importance of logic and reasoning
20:48 - 20:52
in ancient Greek philosophy logic has
20:50 - 20:55
been accepted as the basic tool for
20:52 - 20:56
correct thinking Aristotle's studies on
20:55 - 20:59
logic have become one of the building
20:56 - 21:02
blocks of scientific thought question
20:59 - 21:04
184 how were the debates between
21:02 - 21:06
philosophical schools conducted in
21:04 - 21:09
ancient Greece debates were conducted
21:06 - 21:11
through dialogues and mutual criticism
21:09 - 21:14
philosophers used rhetoric and logic to
21:11 - 21:16
support their arguments question
21:14 - 21:19
185 what are the methods used in
21:16 - 21:21
philosophical texts Socrates dialogue
21:19 - 21:23
method Plato's theory of ideas and
21:21 - 21:26
Aristotle's deductive methods are among
21:23 - 21:29
the prominent methods question
21:26 - 21:32
186 what are the current reflections of
21:29 - 21:34
ancient Greek philosophy ancient Greek
21:32 - 21:37
philosophy continues to influence modern
21:34 - 21:39
ethics politics science and art logic
21:37 - 21:42
and critical thinking are important
21:39 - 21:45
elements of today's education question
21:42 - 21:47
187 how did ancient philosophy shaped
21:45 - 21:49
the basic concepts of modern philosophy
21:47 - 21:50
ancient philosophy pioneered the
21:49 - 21:52
formation of the basic concepts of
21:50 - 21:55
modern philosophy with its understanding
21:52 - 21:58
of existence ontology knowledge
21:55 - 22:00
epistemology ethics politics and nature
21:58 - 22:02
for example Plato's world of ideas and
22:00 - 22:05
Aristotle's understanding of causality
22:02 - 22:09
form the cornerstones of philosophical
22:05 - 22:11
systems question 88 what influence did
22:09 - 22:12
Socrates moral questions have on Modern
22:12 - 22:17
theories Socrates questions about virtue
22:15 - 22:19
and good living paved the way for modern
22:17 - 22:21
ethical theories to focus on the
22:19 - 22:24
concepts of individual responsibility
22:21 - 22:26
and moral action traces of Socrates
22:24 - 22:29
search for moral consistency can be seen
22:26 - 22:32
in K's deontological ethics
22:29 - 22:34
question 189 What contributions did
22:32 - 22:36
Plato's theory of ideas make to Modern
22:34 - 22:39
epistemology Plato's theory of ideas
22:36 - 22:41
laid the foundation of rationalism in
22:39 - 22:43
modern epistemology by arguing that
22:41 - 22:45
knowledge is not limited to the sensory
22:43 - 22:48
world and that there are Universal
22:45 - 22:52
truths that can be reached through
22:48 - 22:53
reason question 190 how did Aristotle's
22:52 - 22:56
understanding of logic prepare the
22:53 - 22:58
ground for modern logical systems
22:56 - 23:00
Aristotle's understanding of logic based
22:58 - 23:03
on the syllogism method formed the basis
23:00 - 23:05
of modern formal Logic the rules of
23:03 - 23:08
classical logic were developed by modern
23:05 - 23:10
logicians such as lib nits and
23:08 - 23:13
fra question
23:10 - 23:14
191 how did the natural philosophy of
23:13 - 23:17
ancient philosophers contribute to the
23:14 - 23:19
development of the scientific method
23:17 - 23:21
natural philosophers pioneered the
23:19 - 23:23
scientific method by attempting to
23:21 - 23:25
understand the nature of the universe
23:23 - 23:27
through reason and observation the
23:25 - 23:29
explanations of natural processes by
23:27 - 23:32
philosophers such as thees and
23:29 - 23:34
anaximander influenced the experimental
23:32 - 23:38
and observational approaches in modern
23:34 - 23:39
science question 192 what themes in
23:38 - 23:42
modern metaphysics did the elatic
23:39 - 23:44
school's understanding of being
23:42 - 23:46
Inspire the elatic school with its
23:44 - 23:48
thoughts on the immutability and
23:46 - 23:51
continuity of existence has inspired the
23:48 - 23:54
questioning of the concepts of Being and
23:51 - 23:56
Time in modern metaphysics the views of
23:54 - 23:58
Parmenides in particular have found
23:56 - 24:01
Echoes In The Works of thinkers such as
23:58 - 24:04
haiger and Whitehead question
24:01 - 24:06
193 how did the sophists understanding
24:04 - 24:09
of Relativity find an echo in modern
24:06 - 24:11
philosophy the sophists understanding
24:09 - 24:13
that truth is relative influenced
24:11 - 24:16
movements in modern philosophy such as
24:13 - 24:17
postmodernism and cultural relativism
24:16 - 24:20
protagoras's view that man is the
24:17 - 24:22
measure of all things emphasize the
24:20 - 24:25
importance of the individual
24:22 - 24:27
perspective question 194 how are the
24:25 - 24:29
relationships between the individual and
24:27 - 24:32
Society in ancient philosophy reflected
24:29 - 24:34
in modern social and political thought
24:32 - 24:36
Plato's conception of the ideal State
24:34 - 24:39
and Aristotle's definition of man as a
24:36 - 24:42
political animal formed the basis of
24:39 - 24:45
modern social contract theories Hobs
24:42 - 24:48
lock and rouso question 195 how did the
24:45 - 24:51
cynic philosophy of Life influence the
24:48 - 24:54
modern existentialism movement the cynic
24:51 - 24:56
emphasis on a simple and natural life
24:54 - 24:58
was influential in existentialism search
24:56 - 25:00
for individual freedom and authentic
24:58 - 25:02
love life Deen's understanding of
25:00 - 25:05
individuality and challenging social
25:02 - 25:07
norms finds an echo in the works of sat
25:05 - 25:10
and kamu question
25:07 - 25:12
196 what fundamental questions did
25:10 - 25:15
ancient Greek philosophy pose in modern
25:12 - 25:16
philosophical discussions ancient Greek
25:15 - 25:19
philosophy has placed fundamental
25:16 - 25:21
questions such as what is truth how is
25:19 - 25:24
knowledge obtained what is the right
25:21 - 25:27
life at the center of modern philosophy
25:24 - 25:29
question 197 what role do the ancient
25:27 - 25:32
philosophers understanding of moral
25:29 - 25:34
values play in contemporary ethical
25:32 - 25:37
discussions the concepts of virtue arit
25:34 - 25:39
and happiness udonia in ancient times
25:37 - 25:41
Inspire analyses of the individual's
25:39 - 25:43
moral responsibilities and purpose in
25:41 - 25:47
life in modern ethical
25:43 - 25:48
discussions question 198 how did the
25:47 - 25:50
understanding of rhetoric and language
25:48 - 25:53
in ancient Greek philosophy contribute
25:50 - 25:55
to modern philosophy of language the
25:53 - 25:57
sophists understanding of rhetoric and
25:55 - 25:58
Aristotle's writings on rhetoric
25:57 - 26:01
contributed to Modern Phil philosophy of
25:58 - 26:04
languages theories of communication
26:01 - 26:08
meaning and persuasion question
26:04 - 26:09
199 in which countries has Plato's
26:08 - 26:13
understanding of Education influenced
26:09 - 26:14
today's education systems Plato's
26:13 - 26:17
understanding of Education based on love
26:14 - 26:19
of wisdom and education of the mind has
26:17 - 26:22
emphasized the importance of an
26:19 - 26:24
education based on critical thinking and
26:22 - 26:28
ethical values in today's education
26:24 - 26:30
systems question 200 what influence did
26:28 - 26:32
ancient philosophy's views on human
26:30 - 26:34
nature have on the fields of modern
26:32 - 26:36
psychology and anthropology Plato and
26:34 - 26:38
Aristotle's views on the mindbody
26:36 - 26:41
relationship shaped the theories of
26:38 - 26:44
names such as Freud and Jung in modern
26:41 - 26:47
psychology in addition views on the
26:44 - 26:48
harmony of man with nature shed light on
26:47 - 26:51
the relationship between culture and
26:48 - 26:54
nature in anthropological studies
26:51 - 26:57
helenistic period questions question
26:54 - 26:58
2011 what date range does the helenistic
26:57 - 27:00
period cover
26:58 - 27:02
the helenistic period covers the period
27:00 - 27:05
from the death of Alexander the Great to
27:02 - 27:07
the Roman Empire's conquest of the toic
27:05 - 27:09
Kingdom in Egypt during this period
27:07 - 27:11
Greek culture spread throughout the
27:09 - 27:13
Mediterranean and the Middle East and
27:11 - 27:16
synthesized with different
27:13 - 27:18
cultures question 202 what are the
27:16 - 27:20
cultural and philosophical differences
27:18 - 27:23
of the helenistic period from other
27:20 - 27:25
periods the helenistic period represents
27:23 - 27:27
a philosophical period in which
27:25 - 27:29
individual peace and happiness were at
27:27 - 27:31
the Forefront
27:29 - 27:33
unlike The Classical period
27:31 - 27:35
philosophical systems developed in which
27:33 - 27:38
individual life was the center rather
27:35 - 27:39
than social and political problems
27:38 - 27:43
during this period philosophy was
27:39 - 27:45
accepted as a Guide to Life question 203
27:43 - 27:48
what was the impact of philosophy on
27:45 - 27:50
individual Life In the helenistic period
27:48 - 27:52
philosophy was seen as a tool to guide
27:50 - 27:54
individuals in their daily lives
27:52 - 27:57
focusing on achieving happiness facing
27:54 - 28:00
fears and living a virtuous life
27:57 - 28:02
question 200 4 in which geographies were
28:00 - 28:04
the schools of philosophy concentrated
28:02 - 28:06
During the helenistic period
28:04 - 28:09
philosophical schools were concentrated
28:06 - 28:12
in cities such as Athens Alexandria rhs
28:09 - 28:14
and pergamon Athens was the center of
28:12 - 28:18
stoicism and epicurian
28:14 - 28:20
ISM question 205 what social or
28:18 - 28:22
political conditions influenced the
28:20 - 28:24
philosophical thoughts of this period
28:22 - 28:26
the cultural unification that came with
28:24 - 28:28
the conquests of Alexander the Great the
28:26 - 28:30
replacement of city state by great
28:28 - 28:32
Empires and the isolation of the
28:30 - 28:34
individual in the face of political
28:32 - 28:37
power directed philosophy towards
28:34 - 28:40
personal peace questions about epicurian
28:37 - 28:43
ISM question 206 what are the basic
28:40 - 28:46
principles of epicurian ism epicurian
28:43 - 28:49
ISM defines Happiness by ataraxia mental
28:46 - 28:51
Peace and aonia Freedom from bodily pain
28:49 - 28:53
harmony with nature moderate pleasures
28:51 - 28:55
and overcoming fears are the basic
28:53 - 28:58
elements question
28:55 - 29:00
27 how did the epicurian Define the
28:58 - 29:02
concept of happiness happiness is
29:00 - 29:04
achieved through the absence of pain and
29:02 - 29:07
fear for lasting happiness moderate
29:04 - 29:10
Pleasures should be preferred question
29:07 - 29:13
208 what are the epicurian concepts of
29:10 - 29:15
ataraxia and aonia ataraxia means
29:13 - 29:18
tranquility and peace of mind while
29:15 - 29:21
aonia means freedom from bodily pain
29:18 - 29:23
question 209 according to epicurus what
29:21 - 29:25
is the effect of fear on happiness and
29:23 - 29:27
how can it be overcome epicurus argues
29:25 - 29:28
that the fear of death prevents
29:28 - 29:31
this fear can be overcome by
29:30 - 29:34
understanding that there is no
29:31 - 29:37
consciousness after death question 210
29:34 - 29:39
how does epicurian ISM differ from other
29:37 - 29:42
philosophies of the period in its views
29:39 - 29:44
on God and death epicurus argues that
29:42 - 29:46
the gods do not interfere with human
29:44 - 29:49
life he views death as the cessation of
29:46 - 29:51
sensory experience which means there is
29:49 - 29:54
nothing to fear question
29:51 - 29:56
2011 how did the epicurian approach
29:54 - 29:58
nature and scientific
29:56 - 30:00
research understanding nature helps
29:58 - 30:01
people overcome their fears which is why
30:00 - 30:04
they have placed importance on
30:01 - 30:07
scientific knowledge and subjects such
30:04 - 30:09
as atomic theory question 212 what are
30:07 - 30:12
the contributions of epicurian ism to
30:09 - 30:13
Modern individual life it guides modern
30:12 - 30:16
people on issues such as living a
30:13 - 30:18
measured life coping with stress a
30:16 - 30:20
worldview based on scientific thought
30:18 - 30:24
and facing the fear of death questions
30:20 - 30:28
about stoicism question 213 what are the
30:24 - 30:30
basic principles of stoicism philosophy
30:28 - 30:32
stoicism is based on living in harmony
30:30 - 30:34
with nature advocating that virtue is
30:32 - 30:38
the highest value and placing importance
30:34 - 30:40
on emotional control question 214 what
30:38 - 30:42
is the role of virtue in happiness for
30:40 - 30:44
the stoics according to the stoics
30:42 - 30:48
virtue is the only and sufficient source
30:44 - 30:51
of Happiness external conditions cannot
30:48 - 30:54
affect happiness question 215 what are
30:51 - 30:56
zenos contributions as the founder of
30:54 - 30:58
stoicism Zeno developed the basic
30:56 - 31:00
principles of stoicism and turned his
30:58 - 31:02
philosophy into a way of life he
31:00 - 31:03
emphasized the principle of living in
31:02 - 31:07
accordance with
31:03 - 31:10
nature question 216 how did the stoics
31:07 - 31:12
relate natural laws to human life they
31:10 - 31:14
advocated living in harmony with nature
31:12 - 31:16
arguing that the human mind is a part of
31:14 - 31:19
the natural order of the universe
31:16 - 31:23
question 217 what is the concept of
31:19 - 31:25
apatha control of emotions in stoicism
31:23 - 31:27
apatha means controlling emotional
31:25 - 31:30
disturbances and managing them with
31:27 - 31:32
wisdom question 218 how did stoicism
31:30 - 31:34
balance fate and Free Will while the
31:32 - 31:36
stoics believed that there was a
31:34 - 31:38
universal fate they argued that the
31:36 - 31:41
individual was free in his or her
31:38 - 31:44
attitude towards this fate question
31:41 - 31:46
219 how can stoic thought be related to
31:44 - 31:49
today's psychology and personal
31:46 - 31:50
development philosophy stoicism is
31:49 - 31:53
frequently referenced in cognitive
31:50 - 31:55
therapy techniques EG thought control
31:53 - 31:58
and personal development teachings
31:55 - 32:01
self-awareness emotional resilience
31:58 - 32:04
question 220 how were epicurus life and
32:01 - 32:05
thought system shaped epicurus was born
32:04 - 32:07
on the island of Samos and taught his
32:05 - 32:09
students the ways to happiness in his
32:07 - 32:13
garden in Athens he tried to understand
32:09 - 32:15
nature with science question 221 what is
32:13 - 32:18
epicurus answer to the question how to
32:15 - 32:20
live a happy life living a moderate life
32:18 - 32:22
limiting unnecessary desires and
32:20 - 32:26
focusing on the pursuit of peace is the
32:22 - 32:28
key to happiness question 2 to 22 what
32:26 - 32:30
are the most important Concepts that
32:28 - 32:32
Zeno brought to stoicism life in
32:30 - 32:34
accordance with nature and the central
32:32 - 32:36
role of virtue are the most important
32:34 - 32:37
Concepts that Zeno brought to stoicism
32:37 - 32:42
223 what events in Zeno's life
32:40 - 32:44
influenced his philosophy after the
32:42 - 32:46
sinking of his merchant ship he turned
32:44 - 32:48
to philosophy and settled in Athens
32:46 - 32:51
where he developed his stoic teachings
32:48 - 32:53
question 224 what are the differences
32:51 - 32:55
between epicurus and Zeno's
32:53 - 32:57
understanding of Happiness while
32:55 - 32:59
epicurus defines happiness as the
32:57 - 33:01
absence of of Pleasure and Pain Zeno
32:59 - 33:04
Associates happiness with a virtuous
33:01 - 33:06
life question 25 who are the other
33:04 - 33:08
important figures of the helenistic
33:06 - 33:11
period and what were their contributions
33:08 - 33:14
to this period philosophers such as
33:11 - 33:16
diogenes of copi and aresa contributed
33:14 - 33:19
to the period by bringing different
33:16 - 33:21
philosophical approaches question 226
33:19 - 33:23
what were the effects of the
33:21 - 33:26
philosophical schools of the helenistic
33:23 - 33:28
period on the daily lives of individuals
33:26 - 33:30
these schools guided indiv uals to
33:28 - 33:33
overcome fears find peace and Live
33:30 - 33:35
virtuously question
33:33 - 33:37
227 what Legacy did the philosophical
33:35 - 33:39
schools of this period leave to the
33:37 - 33:41
history of Western
33:39 - 33:44
thought discussions about individual
33:41 - 33:45
happiness Free Will and ethical life
33:44 - 33:46
have become the fundamental topics of
33:46 - 33:51
philosophy question 2 to 28 how does
33:50 - 33:53
happiness in the helenistic period
33:51 - 33:54
differ from the understanding of
33:53 - 33:56
happiness in modern
33:54 - 33:59
societies while happiness in the
33:56 - 34:01
helenistic period focused on inner peace
33:59 - 34:06
in modern society it is associated with
34:01 - 34:07
material and social success question 229
34:06 - 34:09
what kind of guidance did helenistic
34:07 - 34:12
philosophy offer to the individual in
34:09 - 34:14
his moral and ethical decisions Concepts
34:12 - 34:17
such as virtue living in accordance with
34:14 - 34:19
nature and emotional control have guided
34:17 - 34:22
the individual's ethical decisions
34:19 - 34:24
question 230 what are the reasons for
34:22 - 34:26
the increasing popularity of stoicism
34:24 - 34:29
and epicurian ISM in the modern world
34:26 - 34:31
individuals who want to cope with stress
34:29 - 34:33
anxiety and fast pace of life turned to
34:31 - 34:36
the Practical teachings of these
34:33 - 34:39
philosophies in this series we explored
34:36 - 34:41
a total of 230 questions and took a
34:39 - 34:43
journey into the depths of philosophical
34:41 - 34:46
thought we hope that each question will
34:43 - 34:48
open a new window to your own life way
34:46 - 34:50
of thinking and perspective philosophy
34:48 - 34:54
is a NeverEnding process of questioning
34:50 - 34:56
and searching even if the questions end
34:54 - 34:58
our search for answers will always
34:56 - 35:00
continue because what is important is
34:58 - 35:03
the journey itself rather than reaching
35:00 - 35:05
a conclusion if watching this Series has
35:03 - 35:08
contributed to philosophical thought we
35:05 - 35:09
are happy your comments ideas and new
35:08 - 35:12
questions may be the source of
35:09 - 35:14
inspiration for our next series remember
35:12 - 35:17
to keep your mind open and your
35:14 - 35:19
questions alive thank you for joining us
35:17 - 35:22
on this journey of thought see you in
35:19 - 35:22
our next series
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