00:09 - 00:14

hey what is up guys and welcome back so

00:12 - 00:16

in this video is the beginning of

00:14 - 00:18

showing you how to build your own flight

00:16 - 00:21

controller as well as customize it and

00:18 - 00:23

design your own PCB for your own custom

00:21 - 00:24

flight controller but before we begin we

00:23 - 00:27

need to start step by step and the first

00:24 - 00:29

step is the anatomy of the f-4 flight

00:27 - 00:31

controller what components are a must

00:29 - 00:32

have in order to have a working flight

00:31 - 00:35

controller and what are the extra

00:32 - 00:37

features you can add if you ever wanted

00:35 - 00:39

to so let's get started alright so

00:37 - 00:41

before continuing on a huge shout-out to

00:39 - 00:43

our sponsor PC VA for sponsoring our

00:41 - 00:44

open hardware flight controller this is

00:43 - 00:46

a great place to have your PCB

00:44 - 00:48

manufactured as well as assembled with

00:46 - 00:50

great quality and fast service they also

00:48 - 00:52

provided 24 hour Express service if you

00:50 - 00:54

are in a hurry and want your project in

00:52 - 00:56

your hands as soon as possible you can

00:54 - 00:58

also check their shared project page if

00:56 - 00:59

you're looking for some fun DIY kids

00:58 - 01:02

contributed by other users and they also

00:59 - 01:03

hold a lot of events and some PCB

01:02 - 01:05

contents which you could actually win

01:03 - 01:07

cash prizes for I do highly recommend

01:05 - 01:10

you check out PCB Way and to check out

01:07 - 01:11

PCB you a check the links down below so

01:10 - 01:14

let's get started the first and main

01:11 - 01:16

component is the micro control unit

01:14 - 01:17

which is the f-4 processor which is this

01:16 - 01:19

little guy right here he does all the

01:17 - 01:21

calculations it does all the controlling

01:19 - 01:23

it does all the inputs it takes all the

01:21 - 01:25

inputs from all the other sensors on

01:23 - 01:28

board in order to have a working

01:25 - 01:31

quadcopter with GPS or with whatever the

01:28 - 01:33

gyro 16 mega bit of flash all that crazy

01:31 - 01:35

good stuff but you only need a couple

01:33 - 01:37

components to actually have a working

01:35 - 01:39

flight controller which is pretty

01:37 - 01:41

spectacular and pretty insane so let's

01:39 - 01:43

talk about some of the must-have

01:41 - 01:45

components or the needed components in

01:43 - 01:47

order to have a working f4 flight

01:45 - 01:49

controller now first thing we have the

01:47 - 01:50

micro control unit which is an f4 market

01:49 - 01:53

control unit also known as the processor

01:50 - 01:56

and if the next thing that we will need

01:53 - 01:58

is a gyro now the dryer will allow it to

01:56 - 02:00

know what orientation or how its

01:58 - 02:02

flipping so we can you know correspond

02:00 - 02:04

correctly and then fix whatever issue

02:02 - 02:07

had or the turn you're gonna make or how

02:04 - 02:09

fast you wanted to make and that is due

02:07 - 02:11

from the gyro so what we need is the

02:09 - 02:13

gyro is one of the most important things

02:11 - 02:14

to have on a flight controller next

02:13 - 02:16

thing you want is something called a

02:14 - 02:19

resonator now you will see this if you

02:16 - 02:21

go pick up any f4 flight controller you

02:19 - 02:22

will see this little piece right here it

02:21 - 02:23

doesn't have a hole there's another one

02:22 - 02:25

that car looks

02:23 - 02:26

with a hole that would be a barometer

02:25 - 02:29

but it's this one right here it's 8

02:26 - 02:31

megahertz resonator as you can tell this

02:29 - 02:32

one has it and this one if you take a

02:31 - 02:34

look here you're like oh my god no it

02:32 - 02:36

doesn't have it but if you flip it on

02:34 - 02:37

the backside you'll see it right there

02:36 - 02:39

now don't get it mistaken with this one

02:37 - 02:42

this is a 27 megahertz I think crystal

02:39 - 02:44

or resonator but this one is for the OSD

02:42 - 02:46

which will be in a later video this is a

02:44 - 02:48

more advanced topic but right now we're

02:46 - 02:50

taking a look at the resonator which is

02:48 - 02:51

a very important piece to have which you

02:50 - 02:53

might with your micro control unit so

02:51 - 02:55

it's 8 megahertz resonator and if we

02:53 - 02:57

also take a look here here we have

02:55 - 02:59

another resonator and let me see if I

02:57 - 03:02

can grab another board next to me this

02:59 - 03:03

is the Dowell RC I think f72 - even the

03:02 - 03:05

f7 flight controllers do have the

03:03 - 03:07

resonator and that is a very important

03:05 - 03:10

component to have it's actually a must

03:07 - 03:12

with the gyro alright so those are two

03:10 - 03:16

components gyro resonator what else is

03:12 - 03:18

very important we also need a 3.3 volt

03:16 - 03:21

regulator on board and that is very

03:18 - 03:24

important because the gyro and the

03:21 - 03:25

microcontroller unit take 3.3 volts

03:24 - 03:27

that's why you see 3.3 volt pads on

03:25 - 03:30

almost every flight controller if we

03:27 - 03:33

take a look at my design here's the NCP

03:30 - 03:34

1 1 1 7 3.3 volt regulator now the

03:33 - 03:35

reason why I chose and this is very

03:34 - 03:38

important also take this into

03:35 - 03:41

consideration I chose a linear and L do

03:38 - 03:42

regulator a linear voltage regulator is

03:41 - 03:44

because they're less susceptible to

03:42 - 03:46

noise then a switching regulator keep

03:44 - 03:48

that in mind however they're not as

03:46 - 03:50

efficient as a switching regulator but

03:48 - 03:52

for example if you're gonna be setting

03:50 - 03:55

up an ICM gyro in my opinion best

03:52 - 03:56

practice would be to use an L do to

03:55 - 03:59

reduce the amount of noise going to a

03:56 - 04:01

more sensitive gyro such as the IC M so

03:59 - 04:03

take that into consideration so this is

04:01 - 04:07

the 3.3 volt regulator which is powering

04:03 - 04:09

the F for the gyro and that's it that's

04:07 - 04:11

all it really powers right now and

04:09 - 04:13

whatever else you connected on 3.3 volts

04:11 - 04:16

so that is another important component

04:13 - 04:19

so we have a 3.3 volt regulator the mpu

04:16 - 04:21

6000 gyro resonator and the

04:19 - 04:22

microcontroller unit now there's also

04:21 - 04:23

some other things that are very

04:22 - 04:26

important such as capacitors and

04:23 - 04:28

resistors those are very important to

04:26 - 04:30

have the flight controller operate

04:28 - 04:32

correctly what that does is it

04:30 - 04:35

stabilizes the voltage in order for it

04:32 - 04:36

to keep working without any issues

04:35 - 04:38

without losing power and you know

04:36 - 04:41

rebooting and all these things and this

04:38 - 04:42

is very well documented in the datasheet

04:41 - 04:44

of the microcontroller unit which we

04:42 - 04:46

will take a look in the schematic and

04:44 - 04:49

start making a little bit more sense

04:46 - 04:51

what else is important now we also need

04:49 - 04:54

a USB now what's really nice about the

04:51 - 04:57

USB with the stm32 microcontroller units

04:54 - 05:00

is it doesn't need something doesn't

04:57 - 05:03

need a separate IC for USB to serial

05:00 - 05:06

communication all you need is the USB

05:03 - 05:09

port and it has basically ATX a transmit

05:06 - 05:10

and a received pin on the USB and I'll

05:09 - 05:12

explain that in the schematic and you'll

05:10 - 05:15

get to see it and in order for it to

05:12 - 05:18

initialize the correct protocol to speak

05:15 - 05:21

with the USB it just needs to 22 ohm

05:18 - 05:23

resistors which are those two right

05:21 - 05:25

there so that initializes you know it

05:23 - 05:27

just tells it the speed and how it's

05:25 - 05:29

going to communicate with the usb and

05:27 - 05:31

that's how you able to talk with the

05:29 - 05:33

computer it's not very difficult you

05:31 - 05:34

don't need to know much just read the

05:33 - 05:36

datasheet and then it's just right there

05:34 - 05:37

- 2200 M resistors and that's it you're

05:36 - 05:39

good to go

05:37 - 05:40

and you'll see those 222 ohm resistors

05:39 - 05:43

on everything here we have it here

05:40 - 05:46

and if we also take a look here we have

05:43 - 05:48

it here also so it's just it's really

05:46 - 05:51

that simple it's all you need - 22 ohm

05:48 - 05:53

resistors a USB here and then we'll get

05:51 - 05:55

into where the pins go and in later

05:53 - 05:57

video in the schematic video however I

05:55 - 05:59

will take this into the schematic right

05:57 - 06:01

now and we can just take a further look

05:59 - 06:04

inside to seeing how these things are

06:01 - 06:06

kind of connected so and again the most

06:04 - 06:08

important components of a flight

06:06 - 06:12

controller is a gyro microcontroller

06:08 - 06:15

unit resonator and a 3.3 volt regulator

06:12 - 06:17

and also some capacitors and some

06:15 - 06:20

resistors as well as the USB and

06:17 - 06:22

possibly a boot button but the boot burn

06:20 - 06:24

could be easily done if just bridging

06:22 - 06:26

the two pads here because that's all

06:24 - 06:29

that button really does well that is the

06:26 - 06:31

basic anatomy of any f4 and even f7

06:29 - 06:33

flight controller this is how they

06:31 - 06:35

operate on and this is what the first

06:33 - 06:37

open hardware flight controller beta is

06:35 - 06:40

actually doing here it's just taking the

06:37 - 06:42

absolute minimum now you might say well

06:40 - 06:44

I want the 5 volt regulator that is an

06:42 - 06:46

extra feature I want a 9 volt regulator

06:44 - 06:48

that is also an extra feature I want

06:46 - 06:50

dual gyros also an extra feature which

06:48 - 06:53

we'll be covering in a later video

06:50 - 06:55

Oh SD obviously is also important which

06:53 - 06:57

will also it's also another extra

06:55 - 06:59

feature which will be added in the later

06:57 - 07:00

video and for example if you wanted one

06:59 - 07:03

megabyte of flash or sixteen megabyte of

07:00 - 07:06

flash we can grab the ICS and salvage

07:03 - 07:07

them now speaking of salvaging parts now

07:06 - 07:09

the most important thing to salvage from

07:07 - 07:11

a flight controller is because the kind

07:09 - 07:12

of they're not really expensive but

07:11 - 07:15

they're considered expensive in SMD

07:12 - 07:18

components let's talk about those we

07:15 - 07:22

have the micro control unit the gyro and

07:18 - 07:23

the resonator here those are the most

07:22 - 07:25

expensive pieces where the resonator

07:23 - 07:27

there it is it's right there the

07:25 - 07:29

resonator everything else you can

07:27 - 07:32

basically purchase for 50 cents or less

07:29 - 07:34

which is really nice and for building

07:32 - 07:37

such a flight controller currently what

07:34 - 07:40

I am keeping as the standard and default

07:37 - 07:42

sizes for capacitors and resistors is

07:40 - 07:44

we're gonna take a look right here right

07:42 - 07:48

now for resistors these size is going to

07:44 - 07:49

be Oh 400 - and you can get this

07:48 - 07:51

resistor book here I get them from

07:49 - 07:54

banggood for example as you can as you

07:51 - 07:57

saw here we needed two 22 ohm resistors

07:54 - 08:01

for the USB right here so all I have to

07:57 - 08:03

do is go through my book here and find a

08:01 - 08:05

22 ohm resistor and then just take it

08:03 - 08:07

out so if we take a look here here a

08:05 - 08:09

hundred-twenty resistor here's the two

08:07 - 08:11

tears the 22 ohm resistor we pull this

08:09 - 08:13

out and if you take a closer look are to

08:11 - 08:14

use - to build my first flight

08:13 - 08:16

controller and we will have a build

08:14 - 08:18

video that's very soon and though it's

08:16 - 08:20

just very easy you just put solder paste

08:18 - 08:21

on it and then just place them into

08:20 - 08:23

place and then just heat it up in which

08:21 - 08:24

I'll show you in a later video so this

08:23 - 08:26

is a must-have this will build you a ton

08:24 - 08:28

load of flight controllers and it's a

08:26 - 08:29

very cheap book and get it from the USA

08:28 - 08:32

warehouse from banggood all have it

08:29 - 08:34

linked down below zero 402 here now if

08:32 - 08:36

this is too small for you I'll show you

08:34 - 08:38

how to change the sizes in the PCB

08:36 - 08:41

design once - we once we get to that

08:38 - 08:43

level and you can do as you please with

08:41 - 08:46

the size of resistors and capacitors now

08:43 - 08:48

this is the capacitor book here and the

08:46 - 08:51

size that I'm sticking to is o 805

08:48 - 08:53

currently this way it's just a lot

08:51 - 08:56

easier and it's a lot cheaper so this is

08:53 - 08:58

the o 805 capacitor book here they're

08:56 - 08:59

slightly larger and it makes it just a

08:58 - 09:00

little bit easier as you can tell here

08:59 - 09:04

where is it

09:00 - 09:06

there it is these are the o 805 size

09:04 - 09:07

Pasteur's and those are what are going

09:06 - 09:09

to be used now if you're saying well how

09:07 - 09:10

do I know what goes where well it's

09:09 - 09:13

gonna be very simple there's something

09:10 - 09:15

called the Bill of material list which

09:13 - 09:17

is an excel attached to my flight

09:15 - 09:18

controller and that tells you what each

09:17 - 09:20

component and where it goes so for

09:18 - 09:23

example here's a 10 micro farad

09:20 - 09:25

capacitor that would go to C 16 V I can

09:23 - 09:28

see 17 V right now I use this kind of

09:25 - 09:29

naming scheme so you so anyone who's new

09:28 - 09:31

to this can understand where this is

09:29 - 09:33

gonna go so here's the V reg right there

09:31 - 09:36

so this is C 16 V reg so we're gonna put

09:33 - 09:40

a 10 microfarad low E sorry my 10 micro

09:36 - 09:41

farad ceramic yes our ceramic capacitor

09:40 - 09:44

sorry about that so we just find a 10

09:41 - 09:46

micro farad capacitor from here and

09:44 - 09:47

stick it into that place so it's very

09:46 - 09:49

easy you do have basically an

09:47 - 09:51

instruction manual they'll tell you what

09:49 - 09:54

goes where for example like I told you

09:51 - 09:55

the USB we used at 222 ohm resistor so

09:54 - 09:58

here's the - here's a 22 ohm resistor

09:55 - 10:01

and it's going to our three USB and our

09:58 - 10:03

6 R's usually means resistor see is

10:01 - 10:06

capacitor so c12 is capacitor 12

10:03 - 10:07

underscore G now I set up the G for gyro

10:06 - 10:10

and that'll make a little bit more sense

10:07 - 10:12

later on so here we have our three USB

10:10 - 10:14

and our six USB this is the 22 ohm

10:12 - 10:16

resistor I was talking about that is

10:14 - 10:18

found everywhere here - for the USB

10:16 - 10:19

Denisha lies it's speaking with the

10:18 - 10:21

micro control unit so you can flash it

10:19 - 10:23

program it and everything of that nature

10:21 - 10:25

now there's also another important

10:23 - 10:27

little piece that you can add and you

10:25 - 10:30

can't add what we get into in a later

10:27 - 10:32

video it's basically the Schottky diode

10:30 - 10:34

that will you know block the - 5 volts

10:32 - 10:36

from the external source or the inbuilt

10:34 - 10:39

regulator from the 5 volt coming from

10:36 - 10:40

the usb but you can do is disconnect the

10:39 - 10:42

5 volt from the USB if you didn't want

10:40 - 10:44

to add that and then just power it from

10:42 - 10:47

5 volt and then don't have the 5 volt

10:44 - 10:48

coming in from the USB and just have the

10:47 - 10:50

ground into the circuit this way you

10:48 - 10:53

don't need that Schottky diode you can

10:50 - 10:55

plug it in the USB won't power anything

10:53 - 10:56

but the 5 volt regulator on board will

10:55 - 10:58

need to be powered on this when you can

10:56 - 11:01

program it without having the - 5 volts

10:58 - 11:03

you know make a problem here so you can

11:01 - 11:05

do that as well but I it's really really

11:03 - 11:07

cheap the Schottky diodes about for

11:05 - 11:09

about 4 or 5 C I think they're called

11:07 - 11:11

I'll have them also linked down below

11:09 - 11:12

which you can actually salvage from

11:11 - 11:15

other flight controllers if you just

11:12 - 11:17

figure it out and on my how to fix any

11:15 - 11:18

flight controller video actually show

11:17 - 11:21

you how to

11:18 - 11:23

mind that that Schottky diode which is

11:21 - 11:25

for this flight controller it's this one

11:23 - 11:27

they usually have three legs one leg

11:25 - 11:28

would be only five volt rail and then

11:27 - 11:31

the other leg would be on the five volt

11:28 - 11:33

of the USB the bottom ones and once you

11:31 - 11:34

find that one then you know it's this

11:33 - 11:36

one because what this does is it takes

11:34 - 11:37

the five volt from the USB five volt

11:36 - 11:39

from the regulator here or an external

11:37 - 11:41

regulator whatever you can check from

11:39 - 11:43

the pads and then it'll output one of

11:41 - 11:45

the five volts to go into the system or

11:43 - 11:47

the 3.3 volt regulator to power lists so

11:45 - 11:50

you don't fry that 3.3 volt regulator it

11:47 - 11:52

just makes it work correctly with to

11:50 - 11:54

five volts a five volt power supplies

11:52 - 11:56

into the flight controller here alright

11:54 - 11:58

so let's go ahead and jump to the

11:56 - 12:00

schematic and then try to make a little

11:58 - 12:01

bit more sense of what we're doing and

12:00 - 12:03

if you still think this is way over your

12:01 - 12:05

head don't worry it's going to get

12:03 - 12:06

easier I still have more episodes

12:05 - 12:08

planned for this playlist so we're gonna

12:06 - 12:10

take it step by step but right now just

12:08 - 12:11

understanding the basic anatomy of a

12:10 - 12:13

flight controller I believe is

12:11 - 12:16

absolutely important so you know what is

12:13 - 12:19

needed in order to make the basic flight

12:16 - 12:20

controller to work and and that's really

12:19 - 12:21

it so let's jump through the schematic

12:20 - 12:23

and we take it from there

12:21 - 12:24

alright guys so right now we're gonna

12:23 - 12:25

take a look at the schematic but I'm not

12:24 - 12:27

gonna dive too deep inside because I

12:25 - 12:29

don't want to lose people and we're

12:27 - 12:30

gonna be taking this step by step in the

12:29 - 12:32

series so we're gonna take a look at the

12:30 - 12:35

most important components to have to

12:32 - 12:36

have an or in order to have a working f4

12:35 - 12:39

flight controller now before continuing

12:36 - 12:41

on guys any support can go an absolute

12:39 - 12:43

long way if you can join my patreon help

12:41 - 12:44

support this mission help support this

12:43 - 12:46

channel that'd be absolutely phenomenal

12:44 - 12:47

and if you can also use the links down

12:46 - 12:49

below before you make a purchase that

12:47 - 12:52

would really really support the channel

12:49 - 12:54

and keep this project afloat so let's

12:52 - 12:56

get started now we said a couple of the

12:54 - 12:58

components that were very important

12:56 - 13:00

where the 3.3 volt regulator the mpu

12:58 - 13:02

6000 gyre and as well as the eight

13:00 - 13:04

megahertz resonator and obviously the

13:02 - 13:05

USB so you can talk to the micro control

13:04 - 13:07

unit flash it and do all those other

13:05 - 13:09

crazy cool stuff let's start with the

13:07 - 13:11

resonator here the resonator here here's

13:09 - 13:13

the eight megahertz resonator that we

13:11 - 13:15

saw on the board that we saw on every

13:13 - 13:17

single f4 and f7 flight controller board

13:15 - 13:19

which on the f4 micro control unit which

13:17 - 13:21

is this thing here what we're looking at

13:19 - 13:22

it's actually in two pieces and the

13:21 - 13:24

reason why it's in two pieces to make

13:22 - 13:26

this schematic look easier so all the

13:24 - 13:28

micro control units power they just drew

13:26 - 13:30

it in a separate part right here so you

13:28 - 13:31

can just put it on the side and you

13:30 - 13:34

don't have to get it all cluttered

13:31 - 13:35

the inputs and outputs that are needed

13:34 - 13:36

on the microcontroller unit so as you

13:35 - 13:38

can tell here we have the eight

13:36 - 13:41

megahertz that with the eight megahertz

13:38 - 13:42

resonator going to pin five and six and

13:41 - 13:43

we can see that end the datasheet and

13:42 - 13:46

again we'll get into that in a later

13:43 - 13:49

video here now if we take a look at the

13:46 - 13:50

MP u 6000 gyro here we don't need much

13:49 - 13:53

all we need basically to connect it to

13:50 - 13:55

the flight controller is SC l SDA and

13:53 - 13:56

this is the dryer SDA this is the way

13:55 - 13:58

that it communicates and this is the

13:56 - 14:00

initialization aswhat initializes the

13:58 - 14:01

gyro and we just have a little power and

14:00 - 14:02

a couple of capacitors now you might say

14:01 - 14:04

how did I know all this well actually

14:02 - 14:08

just from the datasheet this is what it

14:04 - 14:10

recommended a capacitor on reg out which

14:08 - 14:13

is one point one micro farad and then

14:10 - 14:15

also a non VDD we also had a point 1

14:13 - 14:18

micro farad as well as another 1 micro

14:15 - 14:20

farad capacitor here and that's where I

14:18 - 14:21

got them and also on CP out to point to

14:20 - 14:23

900 farad I didn't make this up out of

14:21 - 14:26

nowhere this was actually in the

14:23 - 14:28

datasheet of the MP 6000 gyro which I

14:26 - 14:30

just you know went to according to its

14:28 - 14:31

specifications because that's how these

14:30 - 14:33

things actually work so it's really

14:31 - 14:35

simple and I just had to figure out

14:33 - 14:36

where the gyro was speaking to the

14:35 - 14:38

flight controller and I was able to

14:36 - 14:39

figure that out through the firmware

14:38 - 14:42

source code which we'll get into in

14:39 - 14:44

later video and I'll take this step by

14:42 - 14:46

step each component will have a separate

14:44 - 14:49

video to help teach you understand it as

14:46 - 14:50

easy as possible and even though with

14:49 - 14:52

all this you can still take this whole

14:50 - 14:53

schematic here and make your own flight

14:52 - 14:55

controller with this here this is an

14:53 - 14:57

actual working flight controller which

14:55 - 14:59

is the one that you saw and with one

14:57 - 15:02

button it turns into a PCB which again

14:59 - 15:03

are showing upcoming videos now we also

15:02 - 15:06

have the 3.3 volt regulator you can use

15:03 - 15:08

any 3.3 volt regulator however I chose

15:06 - 15:10

the NCP one one one seven because it's

15:08 - 15:12

cheap l do low voltage drop out and it

15:10 - 15:13

just it's it's better it's more

15:12 - 15:15

resilient against noise you know which

15:13 - 15:16

is something I kind of really wanted in

15:15 - 15:18

a beta I wanted something pretty good

15:16 - 15:20

and they're very cheap they're less than

15:18 - 15:22

50 Cent's which is still kind of

15:20 - 15:25

expensive for LDO but it's a good L do a

15:22 - 15:26

good voltage regulator so this is the

15:25 - 15:28

3.3 volt regulator now if you remember

15:26 - 15:30

when I showed you that Schottky diode

15:28 - 15:32

which is the diode that had the three

15:30 - 15:35

legs which I totally it takes two 5 volt

15:32 - 15:37

inputs so here comes the 5 volt USB

15:35 - 15:39

input to that diet and then the 5 volt

15:37 - 15:41

from was it whether we have an internal

15:39 - 15:41

final regulator or an external 5 volt

15:41 - 15:44

regulator

15:41 - 15:45

giving 5 volt to the board here and what

15:44 - 15:47

that does is it just

15:45 - 15:49

one to go through and so it just doesn't

15:47 - 15:50

allow them to to criss cross and create

15:49 - 15:52

problems so this way you can power up

15:50 - 15:54

your flight controller through USB and

15:52 - 15:55

have the 5 volt running at the same time

15:54 - 15:57

without having any issues and again

15:55 - 15:59

we'll get into this in more depth in a

15:57 - 16:01

later video we'll get into each little

15:59 - 16:03

component here in a separate video and

16:01 - 16:05

here we also have the S bus inverter

16:03 - 16:07

which I didn't cover and I'm not gonna

16:05 - 16:09

cover just yet this just inverts the S

16:07 - 16:11

bus which we will not need in the f7

16:09 - 16:13

flight controllers but for this we will

16:11 - 16:15

need and again we'll get into that in a

16:13 - 16:18

later video once we get into when in

16:15 - 16:21

depth here now and again here we have

16:18 - 16:22

the 222 ohm resistors for the USB now

16:21 - 16:25

think of this this is basically like a

16:22 - 16:27

UART you know how you have you r-tx your

16:25 - 16:29

here for example you are one T X and you

16:27 - 16:31

are one Rx it's basically a transmit and

16:29 - 16:33

receive data and this is the same thing

16:31 - 16:35

with the USB however the USB port the

16:33 - 16:37

the connector that's on the board has

16:35 - 16:40

actually five one two three four five it

16:37 - 16:42

has five pins ID we will not need ground

16:40 - 16:44

obviously always need ground v bus is

16:42 - 16:47

just the 5 volt coming in from the USB

16:44 - 16:49

so we're gonna need that and then D + +

16:47 - 16:52

D - are the TX and rx and in order for

16:49 - 16:54

the TX and rx of the USB to talk to the

16:52 - 16:56

market control unit you need a 22 M

16:54 - 16:58

resistor on D + on a 22 M resistor on D

16:56 - 16:59

- and then you have your communication

16:58 - 17:01

to USB just fine

16:59 - 17:04

so if you ever break this or rip this

17:01 - 17:05

off you'll know how to talk to the

17:04 - 17:08

microcontroller unit and as you can tell

17:05 - 17:10

here they're just on pin 44 and pin 45

17:08 - 17:13

and for some reason you ripped off the

17:10 - 17:16

222 ohm resistors and the USB you can

17:13 - 17:19

easily find pin 44 45 take a wire out

17:16 - 17:20

put - you know you don't have to use SMD

17:19 - 17:22

22 I'm resistors you can use the big

17:20 - 17:24

resistors you know the through-hole ones

17:22 - 17:26

with the legs and then connect it to an

17:24 - 17:28

external USB of some sort and you can

17:26 - 17:30

just have you can easily talk back to

17:28 - 17:31

the micro control unit if that ever

17:30 - 17:33

happens you know and we'll get into that

17:31 - 17:35

again in a later video and here we have

17:33 - 17:36

the boot button here and the reason we

17:35 - 17:40

use a resistor here is because this

17:36 - 17:41

shorts out the boot to the ground here

17:40 - 17:44

and then this is basically has for

17:41 - 17:45

example this is high it's 5 volt so when

17:44 - 17:47

you ground this it doesn't immediately

17:45 - 17:48

create a short-circuit and that's why

17:47 - 17:50

you put a resistor here so when it

17:48 - 17:52

shorts out it doesn't really make a

17:50 - 17:53

short-circuit but it just sends some

17:52 - 17:55

kind of a pulse is saying okay I just

17:53 - 17:57

got grounded and then that enables it to

17:55 - 17:59

run into bootloader mode which will

17:57 - 18:01

basically DFU mode

17:59 - 18:02

so you can flash your firmware if you

18:01 - 18:04

break the micro control unit or it's a

18:02 - 18:06

brand new fresh micro control unit with

18:04 - 18:08

no firmware on it this is what you will

18:06 - 18:09

need in order to flash it you need to

18:08 - 18:11

hold that button and then plug in the

18:09 - 18:12

USB and then just you know flash it like

18:11 - 18:15

you would do on a new flight controller

18:12 - 18:16

flash the firmware that you want and

18:15 - 18:17

we'll get into the firmware that we're

18:16 - 18:20

gonna need in later video

18:17 - 18:22

and again this is the power pins from

18:20 - 18:23

the micro control unit here and this is

18:22 - 18:25

this did not come out of my head this

18:23 - 18:28

just came out from the data sheets I

18:25 - 18:32

used one two three four five five 100

18:28 - 18:34

nano farad mic capacitors here for the

18:32 - 18:36

voltage of the micro control unit in

18:34 - 18:38

order to keep it running stable and good

18:36 - 18:40

in that perspective and here we have the

18:38 - 18:42

LEDs and this is a resistor to the LED

18:40 - 18:44

and why do we put a resistor before the

18:42 - 18:46

LED because LEDs suck so much

18:44 - 18:47

they're basically suicidal they'll suck

18:46 - 18:49

so much current totally blew themselves

18:47 - 18:51

up and that's why you set up a resistor

18:49 - 18:53

in order to limit the current here so

18:51 - 18:55

they don't basically burn themselves and

18:53 - 18:57

if you can tell here here's a label that

18:55 - 19:00

says LED one and if we take a look here

18:57 - 19:03

we can see that this is a pin 50 foot no

19:00 - 19:05

let me see yeah pin 56 is LED one pin 57

19:03 - 19:07

is LED - so this would actually it's

19:05 - 19:10

kind of like a reference of 56 LED one

19:07 - 19:11

will actually connect down here to LED

19:10 - 19:13

one and the same thing for LED - and

19:11 - 19:15

everything else you kind of see that's

19:13 - 19:18

what it's really doing so you are one Rx

19:15 - 19:19

for example this is SBUs this way you

19:18 - 19:22

would put your s bus and this will make

19:19 - 19:23

more sense once we convert it into a PCB

19:22 - 19:28

and if you want to take a look at the

19:23 - 19:29

PCB here okay so here is the the the PCB

19:28 - 19:32

that we saw in that we actually built

19:29 - 19:34

and this is how it's connected here and

19:32 - 19:36

then here we have our two what are they

19:34 - 19:37

the two 22 ohm resistors for example

19:36 - 19:40

that are initiating they talk with the

19:37 - 19:43

with the USB to the micro control unit

19:40 - 19:44

and overall it's just it's really simple

19:43 - 19:46

it looks kind of complicated right now

19:44 - 19:47

here's the resonator that goes right

19:46 - 19:47

here it's connected to the pins right

19:47 - 19:49

there

19:47 - 19:52

as you can tell that's going through

19:49 - 19:53

right there so there we go and then this

19:52 - 19:55

one is going here and the middle one is

19:53 - 19:57

going to ground here and then that's

19:55 - 19:58

what we also see in the schematic and

19:57 - 20:00

again once we take this step by step

19:58 - 20:03

this will make a lot more sense to you

20:00 - 20:04

so so this is just a quick view over the

20:03 - 20:06

schematic next I'm going to be teaching

20:04 - 20:09

you how to read the schematic and how to

20:06 - 20:11

design your own PCB we're going to take

20:09 - 20:13

it step by step and later on we'll be

20:11 - 20:15

adding OSD reading the datasheet

20:13 - 20:18

the OSD reading these datasheet of the

20:15 - 20:20

ICM gyre they mpu 6000 gyro and seeing

20:18 - 20:22

the basic most basic or absolute minimal

20:20 - 20:24

way to get it going and then later on

20:22 - 20:26

obviously you can work on modifications

20:24 - 20:27

that's currently gonna conclude it for

20:26 - 20:28

this video guys please please let me

20:27 - 20:30

know what you think down in the comment

20:28 - 20:32

section all your likes or your

20:30 - 20:34

subscriptions please even share this

20:32 - 20:36

video the more support I can get the

20:34 - 20:39

better this project will end up becoming

20:36 - 20:42

and I am hoping to in or I'm hoping also

20:39 - 20:43

to start DIY kits and if you guys are

20:42 - 20:45

interested in that also let me know down

20:43 - 20:46

in the comments section which will

20:45 - 20:48

choose one of the best flight

20:46 - 20:50

controllers and then we make it into a

20:48 - 20:51

complete DIY kit with everything with

20:50 - 20:53

some a little bit of extra resistors a

20:51 - 20:54

little bit of extra capacitors just in

20:53 - 20:56

case you lose one or you just want to

20:54 - 20:57

just pops off out of nowhere and that

20:56 - 20:59

usually sometimes happen when you

20:57 - 21:01

graduate the tweezers it will just fly

20:59 - 21:01

off on its own and never to be seen

21:01 - 21:04

again

21:01 - 21:06

so if you guys want to see DIY kids also

21:04 - 21:08

I can get started on some of those and

21:06 - 21:09

you can just have every single component

21:08 - 21:10

ready for you just to start soldering

21:09 - 21:12

and basically build your own fly

21:10 - 21:14

controller and it's a really great way

21:12 - 21:16

to start an SMD components and you'll

21:14 - 21:18

also start to understand how these

21:16 - 21:20

things work and you'll be able to fix

21:18 - 21:21

flight controllers it's not only that

21:20 - 21:22

once you learn how this you can apply

21:21 - 21:25

that same knowledge to just about

21:22 - 21:26

anything else as time goes on it'll

21:25 - 21:29

start making more sense and it will open

21:26 - 21:30

quite a lot of doors for you and it'll

21:29 - 21:32

change your perspective on a lot of

21:30 - 21:34

things in life and well that's it guys I

21:32 - 21:35

really hope you guys enjoyed it and I

21:34 - 21:37

really hope you guys learn something

21:35 - 21:38

today and that's gonna code it for this

21:37 - 21:40

video guys and again any support can go

21:38 - 21:41

an absolute long way and I'll see the

21:40 - 21:43

next one

21:41 - 21:43

peace out

Building Your Own Flight Controller: A Step-by-Step Guide

In this video, we embark on a journey to build your custom flight controller from scratch. Before diving into the technical details, let's understand the anatomy of an F4 flight controller. The must-have components include the micro control unit, gyro, resonator, 3.3-volt regulator, capacitors, resistors, and USB port.

Micro Control Unit (Processor): This tiny chip is the brain behind the flight controller. It handles calculations, controls inputs from sensors, and ensures the smooth functioning of your quadcopter.

Gyro: Crucial for determining the orientation and stability of your aircraft, allowing for precise control during flights.

Resonator: The 8 MHz resonator plays a key role in clocking operations and synchronization within the flight controller.

3.3-Volt Regulator: Powers essential components like the gyro and micro control unit, ensuring they receive the correct voltage for optimal performance.

Capacitors and Resistors: Stabilize voltage, prevent power loss, and ensure the flight controller operates smoothly without interruptions.

USB Port: Enables communication with external devices and facilitates firmware updates, using simple components like 22-ohm resistors for data transmission.

To make your build easier, keeping standard sizes for capacitors and resistors like 0402 and 0805 can simplify the assembly process. Additionally, understanding the schematic and PCB layout is essential for a successful build.

In the schematic, each component is interconnected, and key elements like the boot button, LED resistors, and S bus inverter are highlighted. Components like the Schottky diode protect against voltage issues and ensure smooth operation.

DIY Kits and Future Projects: Considering DIY kits for aspiring hobbyists, the video hints at potential kit offerings to ease the building process and promote learning in SMD components.

As you delve deeper into the world of flight controllers, you will unlock new possibilities for customization and innovation. The journey from building your first flight controller to designing intricate PCBs can be both challenging and rewarding.

Remember, learning the basics of flight controller design can open doors to understanding complex systems and honing your skills in electronics. With each step, you'll gain insights that transcend the realm of drones and empower you in your future projects.

Prepare to expand your knowledge, unleash your creativity, and soar to new heights in the world of custom flight controllers. Let's continue this exciting journey together!

In the upcoming episodes, we'll explore PCB design, firmware flashing, and advanced features like OSD integration. Stay tuned for more insights and practical tips to enhance your flight controller building experience.

Let's navigate through the complexities of electronics with confidence and curiosity. Your DIY flight controller adventure has just begun!


In a world where innovation takes flight, creating your custom flight controller opens doors to endless possibilities. Embark on this journey, and let your creativity soar beyond the skies!